tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Wellcome Open Res
. 2021 Mar 11;6:56.
doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16577.1. eCollection 2021.
Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by titanium dioxide surface coating
Petra Micochova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ambika Chadha[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Timi Hesseloj[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Franca Fraternali[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Jeremy J Ramsden[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ravindra K Gupta[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission occurs via airborne droplets and surface contamination. Titanium dioxide (TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]) coating of surfaces is a promising infection control measure, though to date has not been tested against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Virus stability was evaluated on TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]- and TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]-Ag (Ti:Ag atomic ratio 1:0.04)-coated 45 x 45 mm ceramic tiles. After coating the tiles were stored for 2-4 months before use. We tested the stability of both SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virions based on a lentiviral system, as well as fully infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. For the former, tile surfaces were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped HIV-1 luciferase virus. At intervals virus was recovered from surfaces and target cells infected. For live virus, after illuminating tiles for 0-300 min virus was recovered from surfaces followed by infection of Vero E6 cells. % of infected cells was determined by flow cytometry detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein 24 h post-infection. Results: After 1 h illumination the pseudotyped viral titre was decreased by four orders of magnitude. There was no significant difference between the TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] and TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]-Ag coatings. Light alone had no significant effect on viral viability. For live SARS-CoV-2, virus was already significantly inactivated on the TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] surfaces after 20 min illumination. After 5 h no detectable active virus remained. Significantly, SARS-CoV-2 on the untreated surface was still fully infectious at 5 h post-addition of virus. Overall, tiles coated with TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] 120 days previously were able to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 under ambient indoor lighting with 87% reduction in titres at 1h and complete loss by 5h exposure. Conclusions: In the context of emerging viral variants with increased transmissibility, TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] coatings could be an important tool in containing SARS-CoV-2, particularly in health care facilities where nosocomial infection rates are high.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Surface; TiO2; coating; spray.
. 2021 Mar 11;6:56.
doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16577.1. eCollection 2021.
Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by titanium dioxide surface coating
Petra Micochova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ambika Chadha[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Timi Hesseloj[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Franca Fraternali[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Jeremy J Ramsden[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ravindra K Gupta[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34604541
- PMCID: PMC8450774
- DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16577.1
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission occurs via airborne droplets and surface contamination. Titanium dioxide (TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]) coating of surfaces is a promising infection control measure, though to date has not been tested against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Virus stability was evaluated on TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]- and TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]-Ag (Ti:Ag atomic ratio 1:0.04)-coated 45 x 45 mm ceramic tiles. After coating the tiles were stored for 2-4 months before use. We tested the stability of both SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virions based on a lentiviral system, as well as fully infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. For the former, tile surfaces were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped HIV-1 luciferase virus. At intervals virus was recovered from surfaces and target cells infected. For live virus, after illuminating tiles for 0-300 min virus was recovered from surfaces followed by infection of Vero E6 cells. % of infected cells was determined by flow cytometry detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein 24 h post-infection. Results: After 1 h illumination the pseudotyped viral titre was decreased by four orders of magnitude. There was no significant difference between the TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] and TiO [SUB]2[/SUB]-Ag coatings. Light alone had no significant effect on viral viability. For live SARS-CoV-2, virus was already significantly inactivated on the TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] surfaces after 20 min illumination. After 5 h no detectable active virus remained. Significantly, SARS-CoV-2 on the untreated surface was still fully infectious at 5 h post-addition of virus. Overall, tiles coated with TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] 120 days previously were able to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 under ambient indoor lighting with 87% reduction in titres at 1h and complete loss by 5h exposure. Conclusions: In the context of emerging viral variants with increased transmissibility, TiO [SUB]2[/SUB] coatings could be an important tool in containing SARS-CoV-2, particularly in health care facilities where nosocomial infection rates are high.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Surface; TiO2; coating; spray.