tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Viruses
. 2022 Mar 2;14(3):511.
doi: 10.3390/v14030511.
Enhanced SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD4 [SUP]+[/SUP] T Cell Activation and Multifunctionality in Late Convalescent COVID-19 Individuals
Nathella Pavan Kumar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kadar Moideen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Arul Nancy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nandhini Selvaraj[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rachel Mariam Renji[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Saravanan Munisankar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Santhosh Kumar Muthusamy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], C P Girish Kumar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tarun Bhatnagar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Manickam Ponnaiah[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sabarinathan Ramasamy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Saravanakumar Velusamy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Manoj Vasant Murhekar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Subash Babu[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Examination of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses during the natural course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection offers useful information for the improvement of vaccination strategies against this virus and the protective effect of these T cells.
Methods: We characterized the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell activation marker, multifunctional cytokine and cytotoxic marker expression in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals.
Results: CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T-cell responses in late convalescent (>6 months of diagnosis) individuals are characterized by elevated frequencies of activated as well as mono, dual- and multi-functional Th1 and Th17 CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells in comparison to early convalescent (<1 month of diagnosis) individuals following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens. Similarly, the frequencies of cytotoxic marker expressing CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were also enhanced in late convalescent compared to early convalescent individuals.
Conclusion: Our findings from a low-to middle-income country suggest protective adaptive immune responses following natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 are elevated even at six months following initial symptoms, indicating the CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell mediated immune protection lasts for six months or more in natural infection.
Keywords: CD4+ T cells; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokines.
. 2022 Mar 2;14(3):511.
doi: 10.3390/v14030511.
Enhanced SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD4 [SUP]+[/SUP] T Cell Activation and Multifunctionality in Late Convalescent COVID-19 Individuals
Nathella Pavan Kumar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kadar Moideen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Arul Nancy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nandhini Selvaraj[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rachel Mariam Renji[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Saravanan Munisankar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Santhosh Kumar Muthusamy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], C P Girish Kumar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tarun Bhatnagar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Manickam Ponnaiah[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sabarinathan Ramasamy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Saravanakumar Velusamy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Manoj Vasant Murhekar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Subash Babu[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35336918
- DOI: 10.3390/v14030511
Abstract
Background: Examination of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses during the natural course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection offers useful information for the improvement of vaccination strategies against this virus and the protective effect of these T cells.
Methods: We characterized the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell activation marker, multifunctional cytokine and cytotoxic marker expression in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals.
Results: CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T-cell responses in late convalescent (>6 months of diagnosis) individuals are characterized by elevated frequencies of activated as well as mono, dual- and multi-functional Th1 and Th17 CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells in comparison to early convalescent (<1 month of diagnosis) individuals following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens. Similarly, the frequencies of cytotoxic marker expressing CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were also enhanced in late convalescent compared to early convalescent individuals.
Conclusion: Our findings from a low-to middle-income country suggest protective adaptive immune responses following natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 are elevated even at six months following initial symptoms, indicating the CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell mediated immune protection lasts for six months or more in natural infection.
Keywords: CD4+ T cells; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokines.