tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Viruses
. 2022 Apr 12;14(4):797.
doi: 10.3390/v14040797.
Contribution of Influenza Viruses, Other Respiratory Viruses and Viral Co-Infections to Influenza-like Illness in Older Adults
Patricia Kaaijk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Niels Swaans[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alina M Nicolaie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jacob P Bruin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Renée A J van Boxtel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marit M A de Lange[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adam Meijer[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elisabeth A M Sanders[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Marianne A van Houten[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nynke Y Rots[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Willem Luytjes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josine van Beek[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Influenza-like illness (ILI) can be caused by a range of respiratory viruses. The present study investigates the contribution of influenza and other respiratory viruses, the occurrence of viral co-infections, and the persistence of the viruses after ILI onset in older adults. During the influenza season 2014-2015, 2366 generally healthy community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) were enrolled in the study. Viruses were identified by multiplex ligation-dependent probe-amplification assay in naso- and oropharyngeal swabs taken during acute ILI phase, and 2 and 8 weeks later. The ILI incidence was 10.7%, which did not differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated older adults; influenza virus was the most frequently detected virus (39.4%). Other viruses with significant contribution were: rhinovirus (17.3%), seasonal coronavirus (9.8%), respiratory syncytial virus (6.7%), and human metapneumovirus (6.3%). Co-infections of influenza virus with other viruses were rare. The frequency of ILI cases in older adults in this 2014-2015 season with low vaccine effectiveness was comparable to that of the 2012-2013 season with moderate vaccine efficacy. The low rate of viral co-infections observed, especially for influenza virus, suggests that influenza virus infection reduces the risk of simultaneous infection with other viruses. Viral persistence or viral co-infections did not affect the clinical outcome of ILI.
Keywords: influenza virus infection; influenza-like illness; older adults; respiratory viruses; viral co-infections; viral interference.
. 2022 Apr 12;14(4):797.
doi: 10.3390/v14040797.
Contribution of Influenza Viruses, Other Respiratory Viruses and Viral Co-Infections to Influenza-like Illness in Older Adults
Patricia Kaaijk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Niels Swaans[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alina M Nicolaie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jacob P Bruin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Renée A J van Boxtel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marit M A de Lange[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adam Meijer[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elisabeth A M Sanders[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Marianne A van Houten[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nynke Y Rots[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Willem Luytjes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josine van Beek[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35458527
- PMCID: PMC9024706
- DOI: 10.3390/v14040797
Abstract
Influenza-like illness (ILI) can be caused by a range of respiratory viruses. The present study investigates the contribution of influenza and other respiratory viruses, the occurrence of viral co-infections, and the persistence of the viruses after ILI onset in older adults. During the influenza season 2014-2015, 2366 generally healthy community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) were enrolled in the study. Viruses were identified by multiplex ligation-dependent probe-amplification assay in naso- and oropharyngeal swabs taken during acute ILI phase, and 2 and 8 weeks later. The ILI incidence was 10.7%, which did not differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated older adults; influenza virus was the most frequently detected virus (39.4%). Other viruses with significant contribution were: rhinovirus (17.3%), seasonal coronavirus (9.8%), respiratory syncytial virus (6.7%), and human metapneumovirus (6.3%). Co-infections of influenza virus with other viruses were rare. The frequency of ILI cases in older adults in this 2014-2015 season with low vaccine effectiveness was comparable to that of the 2012-2013 season with moderate vaccine efficacy. The low rate of viral co-infections observed, especially for influenza virus, suggests that influenza virus infection reduces the risk of simultaneous infection with other viruses. Viral persistence or viral co-infections did not affect the clinical outcome of ILI.
Keywords: influenza virus infection; influenza-like illness; older adults; respiratory viruses; viral co-infections; viral interference.