tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Viruses
. 2022 Jun 17;14(6):1322.
doi: 10.3390/v14061322.
Cardiac Complications of COVID-19 in Low-Risk Patients
Akash Srinivasan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Felyx Wong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Liam S Couch[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Brian X Wang[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 6 million deaths and significant morbidity across the globe. Alongside common respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications in the acute and post-acute phases of infection. The suggested pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these complications include direct viral infection of the myocardium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein and a cytokine release syndrome that results in indirect inflammatory damage to the heart. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and co-morbidities are generally more susceptible to the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19. However, studies have identified a variety of complications in low-risk individuals, including young adults and children. Myocarditis and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS) are among the adverse events reported in the acute phase of infection. Furthermore, patients have reported cardiac symptoms persisting beyond the acute phase in post-COVID syndrome. This review summarises the acute and chronic cardiac consequences of COVID-19 in low-risk patients, explores the pathophysiology behind them, and discusses new predictive factors for poor outcomes.
Keywords: COVID-19; PIMS; SARS-CoV-2; cardiovascular disease; post-COVID syndrome.
. 2022 Jun 17;14(6):1322.
doi: 10.3390/v14061322.
Cardiac Complications of COVID-19 in Low-Risk Patients
Akash Srinivasan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Felyx Wong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Liam S Couch[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Brian X Wang[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35746793
- DOI: 10.3390/v14061322
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 6 million deaths and significant morbidity across the globe. Alongside common respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications in the acute and post-acute phases of infection. The suggested pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these complications include direct viral infection of the myocardium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein and a cytokine release syndrome that results in indirect inflammatory damage to the heart. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and co-morbidities are generally more susceptible to the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19. However, studies have identified a variety of complications in low-risk individuals, including young adults and children. Myocarditis and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS) are among the adverse events reported in the acute phase of infection. Furthermore, patients have reported cardiac symptoms persisting beyond the acute phase in post-COVID syndrome. This review summarises the acute and chronic cardiac consequences of COVID-19 in low-risk patients, explores the pathophysiology behind them, and discusses new predictive factors for poor outcomes.
Keywords: COVID-19; PIMS; SARS-CoV-2; cardiovascular disease; post-COVID syndrome.