tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Virusdisease
. 2021 Sep 7;1-10.
doi: 10.1007/s13337-021-00737-9. Online ahead of print.
Exploration of antigenic determinants in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2 and identification of five salient potential epitopes
Aditya Agrawal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rajat Varshney[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mamta Pathak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shailesh Kumar Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vishal Rai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sourabh Sulabh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rohini Gupta[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Khushal Singh Solanki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ritu Varshney[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ramadevi Nimmanapalli[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Emerging pathogens have been an eternal threat to mankind. In a series of pandemics caused by notorious coronaviruses, a newly emerged SARS-CoV2 virus is creating panic among the world population. The unavailability of reliable theranostics insists the exploration of antigenic determinants in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2. The four novel inserts ('[SUP]70[/SUP]VSGTNGT[SUP]76[/SUP]', '[SUP]150[/SUP]KSWM[SUP]153[/SUP]', [SUP]247[/SUP]SYLTPG[SUP]252[/SUP] and [SUP]674[/SUP]QTQTNSPRR[SUP]682[/SUP]) in SARS-CoV2 spike protein were unraveled via multiple sequence alignment of spike proteins of SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. The three-dimension (3D) modeling of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV2 and their interaction with the ACE2 receptor was delineated with the help of SWISS-MODEL and 3DLigandSite web servers. The predicted 3D model of SARS-CoV2 was further verified by SAVES, RAMPAGE, and ProSA-web tools. The potential B-cell immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV2 were predicted out by using various software viz. IEDB B-cell epitopes prediction tool, BepiPred linear epitope prediction tool, Emini Surface Accessibility Prediction tool, and Kolaskar-Tongaonkar antigenicity web tool. The five epitopes (i.e. '[SUP]71[/SUP]SGTNGTKRFDN[SUP]81[/SUP], [SUP]247[/SUP]SYLTPG[SUP]252[/SUP], [SUP]634[/SUP]RVYST[SUP]638[/SUP], [SUP]675[/SUP]QTQTNSPRRARSV[SUP]687[/SUP], and [SUP]1054[/SUP]QSAPH[SUP]1058[/SUP]) were selected as potent antigenic determinants. The quantum of information generated by this study will prove beneficial for the development of effective therapeutics, diagnostics, and multi-epitopic vaccines to combat this ongoing menace.
Keywords: ACE2 receptor; Epitopes; SARS-CoV2; Spike protein; Vaccines.
. 2021 Sep 7;1-10.
doi: 10.1007/s13337-021-00737-9. Online ahead of print.
Exploration of antigenic determinants in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2 and identification of five salient potential epitopes
Aditya Agrawal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rajat Varshney[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mamta Pathak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shailesh Kumar Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vishal Rai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sourabh Sulabh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rohini Gupta[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Khushal Singh Solanki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ritu Varshney[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ramadevi Nimmanapalli[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34514073
- PMCID: PMC8422955
- DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00737-9
Abstract
Emerging pathogens have been an eternal threat to mankind. In a series of pandemics caused by notorious coronaviruses, a newly emerged SARS-CoV2 virus is creating panic among the world population. The unavailability of reliable theranostics insists the exploration of antigenic determinants in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2. The four novel inserts ('[SUP]70[/SUP]VSGTNGT[SUP]76[/SUP]', '[SUP]150[/SUP]KSWM[SUP]153[/SUP]', [SUP]247[/SUP]SYLTPG[SUP]252[/SUP] and [SUP]674[/SUP]QTQTNSPRR[SUP]682[/SUP]) in SARS-CoV2 spike protein were unraveled via multiple sequence alignment of spike proteins of SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. The three-dimension (3D) modeling of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV2 and their interaction with the ACE2 receptor was delineated with the help of SWISS-MODEL and 3DLigandSite web servers. The predicted 3D model of SARS-CoV2 was further verified by SAVES, RAMPAGE, and ProSA-web tools. The potential B-cell immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV2 were predicted out by using various software viz. IEDB B-cell epitopes prediction tool, BepiPred linear epitope prediction tool, Emini Surface Accessibility Prediction tool, and Kolaskar-Tongaonkar antigenicity web tool. The five epitopes (i.e. '[SUP]71[/SUP]SGTNGTKRFDN[SUP]81[/SUP], [SUP]247[/SUP]SYLTPG[SUP]252[/SUP], [SUP]634[/SUP]RVYST[SUP]638[/SUP], [SUP]675[/SUP]QTQTNSPRRARSV[SUP]687[/SUP], and [SUP]1054[/SUP]QSAPH[SUP]1058[/SUP]) were selected as potent antigenic determinants. The quantum of information generated by this study will prove beneficial for the development of effective therapeutics, diagnostics, and multi-epitopic vaccines to combat this ongoing menace.
Keywords: ACE2 receptor; Epitopes; SARS-CoV2; Spike protein; Vaccines.