tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Virology
Volumes 450?451, February 2014, Pages 297?307
Cover image
Multiple reassortment events among highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses detected in Bangladesh
Nancy A. Gerloffa,
Salah Uddin Khanb,
Amanda Balisha,
Ireen S. Shantab,
Natosha Simpsona,
LaShondra Bermana,
Najmul Haiderb,
Mee Kian Poha,
Ausraful Islamb,
Emily Gurleyb,
Md. Abdul Hasnatb,
T. Deyc,
Bo Shua,
Shannon Emerya,
Stephen Lindstroma,
Ainul Haqued,
Alexander Klimova, 1,
Julie Villanuevaa,
Mahmudur Rahmane,
Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartnera,
Md Ziaur Rahmanb,
Stephen P. Lubyb,
Nord Zeidnerb,
Ruben O. Donisa,
Katharine Sturm-Ramirezb,
C. Todd Davisa, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, E-mail the corresponding author
a Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
b International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
c Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Dhaka, Bangladesh
d Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
e Institute for Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Highlights
?
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype H5N1 from Bangladesh reassorted.
?
Phylogenetics found reassortments between different clades and lineages of H5N1.
?
H5N1 viruses reassorted with low pathogenicity avian influenza A virus subtype H9N2.
?
Evidence of probable routes and timelines of virus spread through Bangladesh is shown.
Abstract
In Bangladesh, little is known about the genomic composition and antigenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, their geographic distribution, temporal patterns, or gene flow within the avian host population. Forty highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from humans and poultry in Bangladesh between 2008 and 2012 were analyzed by full genome sequencing and antigenic characterization. The analysis included viruses collected from avian hosts and environmental sampling in live bird markets, backyard poultry flocks, outbreak investigations in wild birds or poultry and from three human cases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the ancestors of these viruses reassorted (1) with other gene lineages of the same clade, (2) between different clades and (3) with low pathogenicity avian influenza A virus subtypes. Bayesian estimates of the time of most recent common ancestry, combined with geographic information, provided evidence of probable routes and timelines of virus spread into and out of Bangladesh.
Keywords
Orthomyxovirus;
Phylogenetics;
Avian influenza;
Evolution;
Antigenicity;
Reassortment;
Bangladesh
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682213006867
Volumes 450?451, February 2014, Pages 297?307
Cover image
Multiple reassortment events among highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses detected in Bangladesh
Nancy A. Gerloffa,
Salah Uddin Khanb,
Amanda Balisha,
Ireen S. Shantab,
Natosha Simpsona,
LaShondra Bermana,
Najmul Haiderb,
Mee Kian Poha,
Ausraful Islamb,
Emily Gurleyb,
Md. Abdul Hasnatb,
T. Deyc,
Bo Shua,
Shannon Emerya,
Stephen Lindstroma,
Ainul Haqued,
Alexander Klimova, 1,
Julie Villanuevaa,
Mahmudur Rahmane,
Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartnera,
Md Ziaur Rahmanb,
Stephen P. Lubyb,
Nord Zeidnerb,
Ruben O. Donisa,
Katharine Sturm-Ramirezb,
C. Todd Davisa, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, E-mail the corresponding author
a Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
b International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
c Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Dhaka, Bangladesh
d Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
e Institute for Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Highlights
?
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype H5N1 from Bangladesh reassorted.
?
Phylogenetics found reassortments between different clades and lineages of H5N1.
?
H5N1 viruses reassorted with low pathogenicity avian influenza A virus subtype H9N2.
?
Evidence of probable routes and timelines of virus spread through Bangladesh is shown.
Abstract
In Bangladesh, little is known about the genomic composition and antigenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, their geographic distribution, temporal patterns, or gene flow within the avian host population. Forty highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from humans and poultry in Bangladesh between 2008 and 2012 were analyzed by full genome sequencing and antigenic characterization. The analysis included viruses collected from avian hosts and environmental sampling in live bird markets, backyard poultry flocks, outbreak investigations in wild birds or poultry and from three human cases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the ancestors of these viruses reassorted (1) with other gene lineages of the same clade, (2) between different clades and (3) with low pathogenicity avian influenza A virus subtypes. Bayesian estimates of the time of most recent common ancestry, combined with geographic information, provided evidence of probable routes and timelines of virus spread into and out of Bangladesh.
Keywords
Orthomyxovirus;
Phylogenetics;
Avian influenza;
Evolution;
Antigenicity;
Reassortment;
Bangladesh
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682213006867