tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Viral Immunol
. 2022 Mar 31.
doi: 10.1089/vim.2021.0132. Online ahead of print.
The Age-Dependent Role of Th22, Tc22, and Tc17 Cells in the Severity of Pneumonia in COVID-19 Immunopathogenesis
Eren Cagan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Gulcin Tezcan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Abdurrahman Simsek[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Muhammed Ali Kizmaz[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Fatma Dombaz[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Ali Asan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], H Ibrahim Demir[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Haldun Bal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Digdem Yoyen Ermis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aslı Gorek Dilektasli[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Esra Kazak[SUP] 7 [/SUP], E Halis Akalin[SUP] 7 [/SUP], H Barbaros Oral[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferah Budak[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has clinical manifestations ranging from mild symptoms to respiratory failure, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. Lymphocytes are divided into different subtypes based on their cytokine production pattern. In this study, we investigated the role of cytokine expressions of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T (T helper [Th]1, Th2, Th17, Th22) and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell subtypes (T cytotoxic [Tc]1, Tc2, Tc17, Tc22) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted with Ficoll by density gradient centrifugation from blood samples of 180 COVID-19 patients (children and adults) and 30 healthy controls. PBMCs were stimulated with PMA and Ionomycin and treated with Brefeldin A in the fourth hour, and a 10-colored monoclonal antibody panel was evaluated at the end of the sixth hour using flow cytometry. According to our findings, the numbers of Th22 (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD4[SUP]+[/SUP], and interleukin [IL]-22[SUP]+[/SUP]) and Tc22 (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD8[SUP]+[/SUP], IL-22[SUP]+[/SUP]) cells increased in adult patients regardless of the level of pneumonia (mild, severe, or symptom-free) as compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). In addition, the number of Tc17 (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD8[SUP]+[/SUP], and IL-17A[SUP]+[/SUP]) cells increased in low pneumonia and severe pneumonia groups compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Both IL-22 and IL-17A production decreased during a follow-up within 6 weeks of discharge. Our findings suggest that the increase in only IL-22 expressed Tc22 cells in the 0-12 age group with a general symptom-free course and higher levels of Th22 and Tc22 in uncomplicated adult cases may indicate the protective effect of IL-22. On the contrary, the association between the severity of pneumonia and the elevation of Tc17 cells in adults may reveal the damaging effect of IL-22 when it is co-expressed with IL-17.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Tc17; Tc22; Th22.
. 2022 Mar 31.
doi: 10.1089/vim.2021.0132. Online ahead of print.
The Age-Dependent Role of Th22, Tc22, and Tc17 Cells in the Severity of Pneumonia in COVID-19 Immunopathogenesis
Eren Cagan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Gulcin Tezcan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Abdurrahman Simsek[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Muhammed Ali Kizmaz[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Fatma Dombaz[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Ali Asan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], H Ibrahim Demir[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Haldun Bal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Digdem Yoyen Ermis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aslı Gorek Dilektasli[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Esra Kazak[SUP] 7 [/SUP], E Halis Akalin[SUP] 7 [/SUP], H Barbaros Oral[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferah Budak[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35363081
- DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0132
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has clinical manifestations ranging from mild symptoms to respiratory failure, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. Lymphocytes are divided into different subtypes based on their cytokine production pattern. In this study, we investigated the role of cytokine expressions of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T (T helper [Th]1, Th2, Th17, Th22) and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell subtypes (T cytotoxic [Tc]1, Tc2, Tc17, Tc22) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted with Ficoll by density gradient centrifugation from blood samples of 180 COVID-19 patients (children and adults) and 30 healthy controls. PBMCs were stimulated with PMA and Ionomycin and treated with Brefeldin A in the fourth hour, and a 10-colored monoclonal antibody panel was evaluated at the end of the sixth hour using flow cytometry. According to our findings, the numbers of Th22 (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD4[SUP]+[/SUP], and interleukin [IL]-22[SUP]+[/SUP]) and Tc22 (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD8[SUP]+[/SUP], IL-22[SUP]+[/SUP]) cells increased in adult patients regardless of the level of pneumonia (mild, severe, or symptom-free) as compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). In addition, the number of Tc17 (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD8[SUP]+[/SUP], and IL-17A[SUP]+[/SUP]) cells increased in low pneumonia and severe pneumonia groups compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Both IL-22 and IL-17A production decreased during a follow-up within 6 weeks of discharge. Our findings suggest that the increase in only IL-22 expressed Tc22 cells in the 0-12 age group with a general symptom-free course and higher levels of Th22 and Tc22 in uncomplicated adult cases may indicate the protective effect of IL-22. On the contrary, the association between the severity of pneumonia and the elevation of Tc17 cells in adults may reveal the damaging effect of IL-22 when it is co-expressed with IL-17.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Tc17; Tc22; Th22.