tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Viral Immunol
. 2023 Mar 21.
doi: 10.1089/vim.2022.0094. Online ahead of print.
Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Serum-Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Dependent on the Individual
Jin Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Li Zou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shaojie Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ruogu Zou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zhixiong Fang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pingan Zhang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Huijun Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shanshan Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dong Ke[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Peng Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cuicui Jin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cong Fang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ji Zhou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ellen He[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sven Skog[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
We investigated the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in serum (CoV-2-SNAb) against the "WH-Human 1" coronavirus in 57 convalescent persons from January 2020 to January 2021. The CoV-2-SNAb response against authentic "WH-Human 1" showed a significant (p < 0.01) neutralizing high effect (≥95%) in the following manner: by 94.7% neutralization for up to 6 months, by 73.1% for up to 8 months, and by 31.7% for up to 10 months in correlation with a significant decrease in the concentration of the virus determined by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein extracellular domain and spike-receptor-binding domain (S-RBD). There was neutralizing effect (<95%) when the S-RBD optical density (OD) value was more than 1.0, showing a suitable threshold of S-RBD = 1.0 (antibody-tittering, OD). However, in some convalescent persons, no neutralizing effect (<95%) was observed although the SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies were bound to the S-RBD (OD >1.0). The neutralization of the virus in these cases may not involve S-RBD, but rather B- and T cell memory responses in overall immunity, using the threshold value (OD = 1.0) of S-RBD as a simple and effective method to determine the neutralization effect of the antibody efficacy and use of vaccination in combination with a standard pseudovirus neutralizing assay. We suggest that convalescent persons should contact their physicians 6-month postinfection to test the function of their serum neutralizing antibodies and determine whether administering a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is necessary to prevent the development of severe illness in the future.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 extracellular domain of the S-protein; SARS-CoV-2 serum-neutralizing antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; spike N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike; the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike; “WH-Human 1” coronavirus.
. 2023 Mar 21.
doi: 10.1089/vim.2022.0094. Online ahead of print.
Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Serum-Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Dependent on the Individual
Jin Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Li Zou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shaojie Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ruogu Zou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zhixiong Fang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pingan Zhang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Huijun Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shanshan Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dong Ke[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Peng Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cuicui Jin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cong Fang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ji Zhou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ellen He[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sven Skog[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36944125
- DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0094
Abstract
We investigated the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in serum (CoV-2-SNAb) against the "WH-Human 1" coronavirus in 57 convalescent persons from January 2020 to January 2021. The CoV-2-SNAb response against authentic "WH-Human 1" showed a significant (p < 0.01) neutralizing high effect (≥95%) in the following manner: by 94.7% neutralization for up to 6 months, by 73.1% for up to 8 months, and by 31.7% for up to 10 months in correlation with a significant decrease in the concentration of the virus determined by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein extracellular domain and spike-receptor-binding domain (S-RBD). There was neutralizing effect (<95%) when the S-RBD optical density (OD) value was more than 1.0, showing a suitable threshold of S-RBD = 1.0 (antibody-tittering, OD). However, in some convalescent persons, no neutralizing effect (<95%) was observed although the SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies were bound to the S-RBD (OD >1.0). The neutralization of the virus in these cases may not involve S-RBD, but rather B- and T cell memory responses in overall immunity, using the threshold value (OD = 1.0) of S-RBD as a simple and effective method to determine the neutralization effect of the antibody efficacy and use of vaccination in combination with a standard pseudovirus neutralizing assay. We suggest that convalescent persons should contact their physicians 6-month postinfection to test the function of their serum neutralizing antibodies and determine whether administering a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is necessary to prevent the development of severe illness in the future.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 extracellular domain of the S-protein; SARS-CoV-2 serum-neutralizing antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; spike N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike; the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike; “WH-Human 1” coronavirus.