tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccines (Basel)
. 2022 Jul 15;10(7):1131.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071131.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response against Mild-to-Moderate Breakthrough COVID-19 in Home Isolation Setting in Thailand
Pichanun Mongkolsucharitkul[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Apinya Surawit[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sureeporn Pumeiam[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nitat Sookrung[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Anchalee Tungtrongchitr[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Pochamana Phisalprapa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Naruemit Sayabovorn[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Weerachai Srivanichakorn[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chaiwat Washirasaksiri[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chonticha Auesomwang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tullaya Sitasuwan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Thanet Chaisathaphol[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rungsima Tinmanee[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Methee Chayakulkeeree[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pakpoom Phoompoung[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Watip Tangjittipokin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sansnee Senawong[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Gornmigar Sanpawitayakul[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Saipin Muangman[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Korapat Mayurasakorn[SUP] 1 [/SUP], On Behalf Of The Siriraj Population Health And Nutrition Research Sphere Group
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: In December 2021, Omicron replaced Delta as the dominant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) variant in Thailand. Both variants embody diverse epidemiological trends and immunogenicity. We investigated whether Delta and Omicron patients' biological and clinical characteristics and immunogenicity differed post-COVID-19 infection.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated the clinical outcomes and laboratory data of 5181 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (Delta, 2704; Omicron, 2477) under home isolation. We evaluated anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G (anti-RBD IgG) and surrogate viral neutralizing (sVNT) activity in 495 individuals post-COVID-19 infection during the Delta pandemic.
Results: Approximately 84% of all patients received favipiravir. The median cycle threshold (Ct) values were lower for Omicron patients than Delta patients (19 vs. 21; p < 0.001), regardless of vaccination status. Upper respiratory tract symptoms were more frequent with Omicron patients than Delta patients. There were no significant associations between Ct and Omicron symptoms (95% confidence interval 0.98-1.02). A two-dose vaccine regimen reduced hospital readmission by 10% to 30% and death by under 1%. Anti-RBD IgG and sVNT against Delta were higher among older individuals post-COVID-19 infection. Older individuals expressed anti-RBD IgG and sVNT for a more extended period after two-dose vaccination than other age groups.
Conclusions: After a full vaccination course, breakthrough mild-to-moderate Delta and Omicron infections have limited immunogenicity. Prior infections exert reduced protection against later reinfection or infection from novel variants. However, this protection may be sufficient to prevent hospitalization and death, particularly in countries where vaccine supplies are limited.
Keywords: COVID-19; Delta; Omicron; breakthrough infection; immunogenicity; neutralizing antibody.
. 2022 Jul 15;10(7):1131.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071131.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response against Mild-to-Moderate Breakthrough COVID-19 in Home Isolation Setting in Thailand
Pichanun Mongkolsucharitkul[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Apinya Surawit[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sureeporn Pumeiam[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nitat Sookrung[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Anchalee Tungtrongchitr[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Pochamana Phisalprapa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Naruemit Sayabovorn[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Weerachai Srivanichakorn[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chaiwat Washirasaksiri[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chonticha Auesomwang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tullaya Sitasuwan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Thanet Chaisathaphol[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rungsima Tinmanee[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Methee Chayakulkeeree[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pakpoom Phoompoung[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Watip Tangjittipokin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sansnee Senawong[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Gornmigar Sanpawitayakul[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Saipin Muangman[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Korapat Mayurasakorn[SUP] 1 [/SUP], On Behalf Of The Siriraj Population Health And Nutrition Research Sphere Group
Affiliations
- PMID: 35891295
- DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071131
Abstract
Background: In December 2021, Omicron replaced Delta as the dominant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) variant in Thailand. Both variants embody diverse epidemiological trends and immunogenicity. We investigated whether Delta and Omicron patients' biological and clinical characteristics and immunogenicity differed post-COVID-19 infection.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated the clinical outcomes and laboratory data of 5181 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (Delta, 2704; Omicron, 2477) under home isolation. We evaluated anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G (anti-RBD IgG) and surrogate viral neutralizing (sVNT) activity in 495 individuals post-COVID-19 infection during the Delta pandemic.
Results: Approximately 84% of all patients received favipiravir. The median cycle threshold (Ct) values were lower for Omicron patients than Delta patients (19 vs. 21; p < 0.001), regardless of vaccination status. Upper respiratory tract symptoms were more frequent with Omicron patients than Delta patients. There were no significant associations between Ct and Omicron symptoms (95% confidence interval 0.98-1.02). A two-dose vaccine regimen reduced hospital readmission by 10% to 30% and death by under 1%. Anti-RBD IgG and sVNT against Delta were higher among older individuals post-COVID-19 infection. Older individuals expressed anti-RBD IgG and sVNT for a more extended period after two-dose vaccination than other age groups.
Conclusions: After a full vaccination course, breakthrough mild-to-moderate Delta and Omicron infections have limited immunogenicity. Prior infections exert reduced protection against later reinfection or infection from novel variants. However, this protection may be sufficient to prevent hospitalization and death, particularly in countries where vaccine supplies are limited.
Keywords: COVID-19; Delta; Omicron; breakthrough infection; immunogenicity; neutralizing antibody.