tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine X
. 2025 Oct:26:100640.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100640. Epub 2025 Sep 12.
Estimating historical impacts of vaccination against influenza B/Yamagata in the United States to inform possible risks of re-emergence in the absence of vaccination
Sinead E Morris[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sarabeth M Mathis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jessie R Chung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alissa O'Halloran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Catherine H Bozio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Peng-Jun Lu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tammy A Santibanez[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Peter Daly[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angiezel Merced-Morales[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krista Kniss[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alicia Budd[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lisa A Grohskopf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carrie Reed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Matthew Biggerstaff[SUP] 1 [/SUP], A Danielle Iuliano[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Influenza B/Yamagata viruses have not been detected globally since 2020 and were removed from U.S. 2024/25 seasonal influenza vaccines. We inferred impacts of vaccination against B/Yamagata from 2016/17-2019/20 by combining B/Yamagata prevalence data with model-based estimates of disease burden prevented by vaccination against all influenza B viruses. B/Yamagata comprised approximately 16-22% of positive virus specimens in 2016/17 and 2017/18, compared to 1% in 2018/19 and 2019/20. Across all seasons, we estimated that vaccination against B/Yamagata prevented 4.15 million illnesses, 58,500 hospitalizations, and 4,070 deaths, and that 22.9 million B/Yamagata-associated illnesses, 340,000 hospitalizations, and 25,100 deaths would have occurred without vaccination. Vaccination prevented the most B/Yamagata hospitalizations among adults ≥65 years but prevented the greatest percentage of B/Yamagata hospitalizations among children 6 months-4 years. Our results may help assess the potential impact if B/Yamagata were to recirculate in the absence of vaccination.
Keywords: B/Yamagata; disease burden; seasonal influenza; vaccination; vaccine-preventable burden.
. 2025 Oct:26:100640.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100640. Epub 2025 Sep 12.
Estimating historical impacts of vaccination against influenza B/Yamagata in the United States to inform possible risks of re-emergence in the absence of vaccination
Sinead E Morris[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sarabeth M Mathis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jessie R Chung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alissa O'Halloran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Catherine H Bozio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Peng-Jun Lu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tammy A Santibanez[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Peter Daly[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angiezel Merced-Morales[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krista Kniss[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alicia Budd[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lisa A Grohskopf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carrie Reed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Matthew Biggerstaff[SUP] 1 [/SUP], A Danielle Iuliano[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 42291514
- PMCID: PMC13263066
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100640
Influenza B/Yamagata viruses have not been detected globally since 2020 and were removed from U.S. 2024/25 seasonal influenza vaccines. We inferred impacts of vaccination against B/Yamagata from 2016/17-2019/20 by combining B/Yamagata prevalence data with model-based estimates of disease burden prevented by vaccination against all influenza B viruses. B/Yamagata comprised approximately 16-22% of positive virus specimens in 2016/17 and 2017/18, compared to 1% in 2018/19 and 2019/20. Across all seasons, we estimated that vaccination against B/Yamagata prevented 4.15 million illnesses, 58,500 hospitalizations, and 4,070 deaths, and that 22.9 million B/Yamagata-associated illnesses, 340,000 hospitalizations, and 25,100 deaths would have occurred without vaccination. Vaccination prevented the most B/Yamagata hospitalizations among adults ≥65 years but prevented the greatest percentage of B/Yamagata hospitalizations among children 6 months-4 years. Our results may help assess the potential impact if B/Yamagata were to recirculate in the absence of vaccination.
Keywords: B/Yamagata; disease burden; seasonal influenza; vaccination; vaccine-preventable burden.