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Vaccine. Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

Giuseppe

Giuseppe

Emeritus
Vaccine. 2009 Oct 23;27(45):6330-9.

Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

Van Reeth K, Braeckmans D, Cox E, Van Borm S, van den Berg T, Goddeeris B, De Vleeschauwer A. - Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. kristien.vanreeth@ugent.be

Most humans lack virus neutralizing (VN) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), but cross-reactive neuraminidase inhibition (NI) antibodies and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are common. These immune responses result largely from infections with seasonal human H1N1 influenza viruses, but the protective effect of H1N1 infection-immunity against H5N1 infection has never been examined. To this purpose, we have used the pig model of influenza and a low pathogenic (LP) H5N1 AIV. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with sw/Belgium/1/98 (H1N1) 4 weeks before challenge with duck/Minnesota/1525/81 (H5N1). While the viruses failed to cross-react in HI and VN tests, the H1N1 infection induced high levels of H5N1 cross-reactive NI antibodies. Cross-reactive CMI was demonstrated by measurements of lymphoproliferation and IFN-gamma secretion after in vitro restimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All control pigs showed clinical signs and H5N1 virus isolation from the respiratory tract post-challenge. The H1N1-immune pigs, in contrast, showed a complete clinical protection and only 3 pigs out of 10 were H5N1 virus-positive. In a second and smaller experiment, H1N1 virus infection also conferred cross-protection against a LP H5N2 AIV, while cross-reactive immunity was solely detected in tests for CMI. Our data further support the notion that immunity induced by seasonal human H1N1 influenza virus infection may provide some protection against H5N1 or other H5 AIVs in the absence of neutralizing H5 antibodies. Further studies should reveal whether cross-protection holds against H5N1 viruses that are better adapted to replicate in mammals or with a more distantly related N1.

PMID: 19840669 [PubMed - in process]

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Re: Vaccine. Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

Our data further support the notion that immunity induced by seasonal human H1N1 influenza virus infection may provide some protection against H5N1 or other H5 AIVs in the absence of neutralizing H5 antibodies.
Click to expand...
This is important and suggests that previous infection with seasonal H1N1 virus may provide some cross protective immunity from human H5N1 infection. Although we are currently experiencing an novel H1N1 pandemic, there is always the possibility that H5N1 can reassort or recombine and also become an easily transmissible pandemic virus.
 
Re: Vaccine. Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

> the protective effect of H1N1 infection-immunity against H5N1
> infection has never been examined

I remember Webster et.al did some studies with ferrets some years ago
and recommended the seasonal vax against H5N1 because of the H1.

But there is hardly any NA in the commercially available vax,
it degrads quickly.
 
Re: Vaccine. Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

European Swine N1 is quite different from Asean N1 in H5N1
is quite different from American LP H5N1 is quite different from
seasonal or classical swine H1N1

they should figure out the epitopes

Code: 
 97 >A/Bar-h Gs/Qinghai/62/05(H5N1)             2287 2298 2185 1698 1493 1361  982  831   
 11:116,112,137,372,115,136,103,122   A/swine/Spain/53207/2004(H1N1)             2309 2299 2195 1738 1542 1424  995  860
 15: 84, 94,119,364, 87,111, 70, 75   A/swine/Germany/2/1981(H1N1)=1578          2314 2313 2233 1778 1565 1412 1002  864
 23:150,123, 92,354,115,210, 87,280   A/turkey/MO/21939/1987(H1N1)               2316 2294 2165 1748 1539 1418 1002  865
 26:176,182,165,374,167,219,121,138   A/Kansas/UR06-0068/2007(H1N1)              2283 2303 2197 1741 1506 1423  982  849
 58:153,144,110,362,170,150, 87,157   A/******/index/2009-02-01(H1N1)            2280 2274 2151 1701 1497 1410  982  863
 96: 73,117,111,132, 89,131, 64, 67   A/Ck/Scotland/1959(H5N1)                   2341 2341 2233 1767 1565 1458 1027  890
 
Re: Vaccine. Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

all segments of the Minnesota duck are available, except NA. Well.
 
Re: Vaccine. Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

repeat it with current Asian H1N1 and Indo-H5N1

How much are Indo-pigs protected from previous H1N1 exposure ?

We get pigs infected with H5N1 but few symptoms
and they don't surveille it and won't tell us about it and let it spread
in swine and... then someone mixes it with other swine viruses
and we may get another multiple-reassortant swine virus
jumping to humans... this time with H5N1-segments...
mild in swine but not in humans...
 
Re: Vaccine. Prior infection with an H1N1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus.

For me this raises two questions.
1. The good news. Is this cross immunity going to be because of certain structural sections (epitopes) in H5N1 being in common with pandemic H1N1, and if so, do we have any idea about which ones? If this can be determined, we could make an educated guess about whether this applied to all H5N1 strains or just some, and to what degree.

2. The bad news is that if point 1 is right, does that not increase the likelihood of viable H5N1/H1N1 re-assortant stains, as any re-assortants are more likely to be genetically compatible?
 
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