tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
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doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.024 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
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Vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza hospitalizations in Navarre, Spain, 2010?2011: Cohort and case?control study
Jes?s Castillaa, b, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, V?ctor Mart?nez-Artolac, Esther Salcedoc, Iv?n Mart?nez-Baza, b, Manuel Garc?a Cenoza, b, Marcela Guevaraa, b, Nerea ?lvarezd, F?tima Irisarria, b, Julio Mor?ne, Aurelio Barricartea, b and Network for Influenza Surveillance in Hospitals of Navarre
a Instituto de Salud P?blica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
b CIBER de Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica (CIBERESP), Spain
c Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
d Direcci?n de Atenci?n Especializada, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
e Direcci?n de Atenci?n Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
Received 22 July 2011; revised 31 October 2011; Accepted 7 November 2011. Available online 18 November 2011.
Abstract
We evaluated the 2010?2011 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations. Using healthcare databases we defined the target population for vaccination in Navarre, Spain, consisting of 217,320 people with major chronic conditions or aged 60 years and older. All hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) were swabbed for influenza testing.
A total of 269 patients with ILI were hospitalized and 61 of them were found positive for influenza virus: 58 for A(H1N1)2009 and 3 for B virus. The incidence rates of hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza were compared by vaccination status. In the Cox regression model adjusted for sex, age, children in the household, urban/rural residence, comorbidity, pandemic vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination, outpatient visits and hospitalization in the previous year, the seasonal vaccine effectiveness was 58% (95% CI: 16?79%). The nested test-negative case?control analysis gave an adjusted estimate of 59% (95% CI: 4?83%).
These results suggest a moderate effect of the 2010?2011 seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalization in a risk population. The close estimates obtained in the cohort and the test-negative case?control analyses suggest good control of biases.
Highlights
► We evaluated the 2010?2011 seasonal influenza vaccine effect in preventing hospitalizations. ► In a cohort analysis the adjusted estimate of the vaccine effectiveness was 58%. ► The test-negative case?control analysis gave an adjusted estimate of 59%. ► The close estimates obtained in both analyses suggest good control of bias.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X11017919
In Press, Uncorrected Proof - Note to users
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.024 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Permissions & Reprints
Vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza hospitalizations in Navarre, Spain, 2010?2011: Cohort and case?control study
Jes?s Castillaa, b, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, V?ctor Mart?nez-Artolac, Esther Salcedoc, Iv?n Mart?nez-Baza, b, Manuel Garc?a Cenoza, b, Marcela Guevaraa, b, Nerea ?lvarezd, F?tima Irisarria, b, Julio Mor?ne, Aurelio Barricartea, b and Network for Influenza Surveillance in Hospitals of Navarre
a Instituto de Salud P?blica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
b CIBER de Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica (CIBERESP), Spain
c Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
d Direcci?n de Atenci?n Especializada, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
e Direcci?n de Atenci?n Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
Received 22 July 2011; revised 31 October 2011; Accepted 7 November 2011. Available online 18 November 2011.
Abstract
We evaluated the 2010?2011 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations. Using healthcare databases we defined the target population for vaccination in Navarre, Spain, consisting of 217,320 people with major chronic conditions or aged 60 years and older. All hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) were swabbed for influenza testing.
A total of 269 patients with ILI were hospitalized and 61 of them were found positive for influenza virus: 58 for A(H1N1)2009 and 3 for B virus. The incidence rates of hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza were compared by vaccination status. In the Cox regression model adjusted for sex, age, children in the household, urban/rural residence, comorbidity, pandemic vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination, outpatient visits and hospitalization in the previous year, the seasonal vaccine effectiveness was 58% (95% CI: 16?79%). The nested test-negative case?control analysis gave an adjusted estimate of 59% (95% CI: 4?83%).
These results suggest a moderate effect of the 2010?2011 seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalization in a risk population. The close estimates obtained in the cohort and the test-negative case?control analyses suggest good control of biases.
Highlights
► We evaluated the 2010?2011 seasonal influenza vaccine effect in preventing hospitalizations. ► In a cohort analysis the adjusted estimate of the vaccine effectiveness was 58%. ► The test-negative case?control analysis gave an adjusted estimate of 59%. ► The close estimates obtained in both analyses suggest good control of bias.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X11017919