tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
. 2025 Feb 14:51:126879.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126879. Online ahead of print. Cost-effectiveness models assessing COVID-19 booster vaccines across eight countries: A review of methods and data inputs
Darvin S Smith[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maarten Postma[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David Fisman[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Joaquin Mould-Quevedo[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause serious health consequences globally. Policy makers now assess cost effectiveness (CE) when evaluating COVID-19 vaccines. A targeted literature review was performed to examine recent CE evidence for COVID-19 vaccines, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transitions from pandemic to endemic, to identify best practices. Data were from large EU countries (UK, Spain, Germany, France, and Italy), US, Canada, and Australia. Nine CE studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated booster vaccination, and mainly considered mRNA vaccines. CE studies reported that COVID-19 vaccines provided health benefits and were cost-effective or showed cost-savings. Benefits were more pronounced in older and high-risk populations based on higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. CE findings were most sensitive to estimates of incidence of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility, vaccine effectiveness, waning/duration of vaccine protection, and hospitalization costs. Most data inputs were sourced from real-world evidence (RWE). Lack of inclusion of some parameters, such as transmission modeling, productivity losses, and the impact of long COVID may undervalue COVID-19 vaccines. As SARS-CoV-2 evolves and COVID-19 vaccines are updated, continuous generation of RWE is needed to demonstrate the CE of COVID-19 vaccines in an ongoing manner.
Keywords: Cost effectiveness; Economic model; Long COVID; Productivity; Real-world evidence; Transmission.
. 2025 Feb 14:51:126879.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126879. Online ahead of print. Cost-effectiveness models assessing COVID-19 booster vaccines across eight countries: A review of methods and data inputs
Darvin S Smith[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maarten Postma[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David Fisman[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Joaquin Mould-Quevedo[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39956089
- DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126879
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause serious health consequences globally. Policy makers now assess cost effectiveness (CE) when evaluating COVID-19 vaccines. A targeted literature review was performed to examine recent CE evidence for COVID-19 vaccines, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transitions from pandemic to endemic, to identify best practices. Data were from large EU countries (UK, Spain, Germany, France, and Italy), US, Canada, and Australia. Nine CE studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated booster vaccination, and mainly considered mRNA vaccines. CE studies reported that COVID-19 vaccines provided health benefits and were cost-effective or showed cost-savings. Benefits were more pronounced in older and high-risk populations based on higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. CE findings were most sensitive to estimates of incidence of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility, vaccine effectiveness, waning/duration of vaccine protection, and hospitalization costs. Most data inputs were sourced from real-world evidence (RWE). Lack of inclusion of some parameters, such as transmission modeling, productivity losses, and the impact of long COVID may undervalue COVID-19 vaccines. As SARS-CoV-2 evolves and COVID-19 vaccines are updated, continuous generation of RWE is needed to demonstrate the CE of COVID-19 vaccines in an ongoing manner.
Keywords: Cost effectiveness; Economic model; Long COVID; Productivity; Real-world evidence; Transmission.