Emily
Editor, Senior Moderator
https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/economic-synopses/2023/05/25/the-rise-and-fall-of-m2
2023, No. 11
Posted 2023-05-23
The Rise and Fall of M2
by Christopher J. Neely
M2 is a broad measure of the money supply, including currency and various sorts of bank and money market mutual fund deposits that are relatively liquid. Figure 1 shows that the year-over-year growth rate of M2 has behaved very unusually since February 2020: M2 grew at record rates during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 2020 through 2022 but has declined at record rates since late 2022. The 26.9% rate of year-over-year growth in February 2021 easily exceeds the rates of growth during either the quantitative easing programs of 2008-15 or the inflations of the 1970s and 1980s.[SUP]1[/SUP] At the same time, the current negative rates of growth are also unprecedented: There has been no other month of year-over-year decline in M2 since at least 1959.
...
Finally, it is worth noting that huge growth in the monetary base in 2008-15 did not spark unusual growth in M2 or inflation during that period (Figure 3). This occurred because banks essentially swapped bonds for reserves held at the Federal Reserve. That is, banks chose to hold much of the increase in the base as excess reserves with the Federal Reserve...
2023, No. 11
Posted 2023-05-23
The Rise and Fall of M2
by Christopher J. Neely
M2 is a broad measure of the money supply, including currency and various sorts of bank and money market mutual fund deposits that are relatively liquid. Figure 1 shows that the year-over-year growth rate of M2 has behaved very unusually since February 2020: M2 grew at record rates during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 2020 through 2022 but has declined at record rates since late 2022. The 26.9% rate of year-over-year growth in February 2021 easily exceeds the rates of growth during either the quantitative easing programs of 2008-15 or the inflations of the 1970s and 1980s.[SUP]1[/SUP] At the same time, the current negative rates of growth are also unprecedented: There has been no other month of year-over-year decline in M2 since at least 1959.
...
Finally, it is worth noting that huge growth in the monetary base in 2008-15 did not spark unusual growth in M2 or inflation during that period (Figure 3). This occurred because banks essentially swapped bonds for reserves held at the Federal Reserve. That is, banks chose to hold much of the increase in the base as excess reserves with the Federal Reserve...