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Treyfish's multiple zoonotics during COVID-19 pandemic thread

Treyfish

Treyfish

Moderator
:tiphat:This is where I will keep my posts on the possible mixing of covid-19 and ebola. My thread on SARS-2 and pigs came out to be true. Many early reports said it wasn't possible, so I'm sure to see the same here before it happens in my opinion.;)
Even though both diseases were present before, variants and plague and other diseases make for countless mixing opportunities. "Disease X" may be the result and some of those reports will also go here.
Please post or comment on your findings or feelings on the matter here.:yinyang:
Before long some border will be shut.
This is not something I want, but I have to leave the door open to the possibility... and the trouble it would bring.
I see a ton of stories out there and my strange ones will go here. So without further ado

WHO assesses the possibility of Ebola's impact on COVID-19
20.02.2021

The South African COVID-19 mutation has not yet been identified in Guinea, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever is unlikely to lead to new mutations of the coronavirus, the head of the WHO Head of Office and Representative in Guinea, Georges Ki-Zerbo, told RIA Novosti...:tiphat:https://news.am/eng/news/629671.html
 
Doctor who discovered Ebola warns of new deadly diseases

December 23, 2020
Humanity faces an unknown number of new and potentially fatal viruses emerging from Africa's tropical rainforests, according to Professor Jean-Jacques Tamfum, who helped discover the Ebola virus in 1976.

There is a vaccine and a treatment for Ebola, which have brought down the rate at which it kills.

But the question at the back of everyone's mind is: What if this woman doesn't have Ebola? What if, instead, she is patient zero of "Disease X," the first known infection of a new pathogen that could sweep the world as fast as COVID-19, but one that has Ebola's 50% to 90% fatality rate?

This isn't the stuff of science fiction. It's a scientific fear, based on scientific facts.

"We've all got to be frightened," the patient's physician, Dr. Dadin Bonkole, said. "Ebola was unknown. COVID was unknown. We have to be afraid of new diseases."

Humanity faces an unknown number of new and potentially fatal viruses emerging from Africa's tropical rainforests, according to Professor Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, who helped discover the Ebola virus in 1976 and has been on the frontline of the hunt for new pathogens ever since....In Ingende, the fears of encountering a new, deadly, virus remained very real even after the recovery of the patient showing symptoms that looked like Ebola. Her samples were tested on site and sent on to the Congo's National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB) in Kinshasa, where they were further tested for other diseases with similar symptoms.

All came back negative, the illness that affected her remains a mystery...."We get cases which look very much like Ebola, but then when we do the tests, they are negative," said the head of medical services in Ingende, Dr. Christian Bompalanga.....:tiphat:https://abc7.com/ebola-doctor-viruses-deadly/8988985/
 
Nipah virus warning: Brain-swelling sickness with 75% death rate could spark next pandemic

A VIRUS with a 75 percent mortality rate could cause the next pandemic, experts have warned.

Sat, Feb 20, 2021

Dr Rebecca Dutch, chair of the University of Kentucky's department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, told the Sun: “Nipah is one of the viruses that could absolutely be the cause of a new pandemic.

"Several things about Nipah are very concerning.

“Many other viruses in that family transmit well between people, so there is concern that a Nipah variant with increased transmission could arise.

“The mortality rate for this virus is between 45 percent and 75 percent depending on the outbreak – so this is much higher than COVID-19.
"Nipah has been shown to transmit through food, as well as via contact with human or animal excretions.

“The incubation period for Nipah can be quite long, and it can be unclear if transmission can occur during this time.”

Dr Jonathan Epstein, vice president for science and outreach at the EcoHealth Alliance, added: “We know very little about the genetic variety of Nipah-related viruses in bats, and what we don’t want to happen is for a strain to emerge that is more transmissible among people.

“So far, Nipah is spread among close contact with an infected person, particularly someone with respiratory illness through droplets, and we generally don’t see large chains of transmission...“This is a zoonotic virus knocking on the door, and we have to really work now to understand where human cases are occurring,..:tiphat:https://www.express.co.uk/news/worl...t-pandemic-warning-coronavirus-covid19-latest
 
Twin Ebola, COVID-19 threats a danger to West Africa

DR. THEODORE KARASIK
February 18, 2021 22:09

...Now, with a new Ebola outbreak in the DRC and Guinea, there are fears of a compounding of problems for these countries and the region as a whole, with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) already omnipresent.
The mix of the two diseases illustrates how pathogens emerge simultaneously and why the global community is making disease monitoring and maintenance such a key priority. Just as with COVID-19, gene sequencing of Ebola samples from both the DRC and Guinea is being carried out to learn more about the origins of the outbreaks and to identify the strains.

So far, the news is positive, in that this outbreak is not an Ebola mutation. The DRC has confirmed that its latest cases are not linked to a new Ebola variant. Instead, preliminary analysis shows the resurgence to be the 10th outbreak — .......
..Further spread of the disease could cripple the region’s under-funded health systems, which are also battling the coronavirus pandemic. The Ivory Coast, Mali and Sierra Leone launched plans to stop any spread by reinforcing border controls, on top of their COVID-19-related measures. Given the generally porous borders, however, the possibility of disease spread is high. There are no known combined Ebola-COVID-19 cases yet. What the mix means in terms of environment requirements examination.....:tiphat:https://www.arabnews.com/node/1811736
 
WHO: World needs to prepare for the next virus

Experts warn of a newer and more deadly virus that has been identified in Southeast Asia
Shlomo Witty , Feb 21 , 2021 9:45 PM
The World Health Organization today (Sunday) took the first step in fighting a possible outbreak of the ‘Nipah’ virus, which causes an incurable disease that kills two-thirds of patients, and put the virus on a list of pathogens that endanger humanity.

The inclusion of the deadly virus on the list will enable funding for research and search for drugs and treatments for the serious illness caused by exposure to the virus, which originated in fruit bats and last erupted in China. According to a report in the British "Sun", the biggest concern among experts is from a variant of Nipah disease that will turn out to be more contagious to humans.

Israel Hayom quotes Dr. Jonathan Epstein, vice president of the EcoHealth Alliance, the world's largest non-governmental organization for infectious diseases, explained to Sun: "We know very little about the genetic diversity of ‘Nipah’ in bats, and what we fear is a strain that is more contagious to humans.”....:tiphat:https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/297234
 
There's multiple risks here, some more concerning than others, and I fear we're conflating them:

- The risk of a virus being produced with genetic material from both COVID and Ebola as a result of a co-infection is essentially zero. They're too dissimilar. It's worth pointing out that Ebola patients in the past have been co-infected with many other viruses, including HIV, flu, measles, etc. without producing a hybrid virus.

- The risk of a respiratory infection with COVID in an Ebola resulting in the mechanical expulsion of bodily fluids containing both viruses. This could easily result in a superspreader event. It's worth pointing out, however, that both viruses are capable of producing superspreader events even without such co-infection. A really good example is the index case in Nigeria in the 2013-16 Ebola outbreak, that infected over a dozen other people as a result of his actions while severely ill.

- The risk that Ebola itself could mutate into a more transmissible form and cause a much worse pandemic. Obviously, this is possible, but there's no way to estimate how likely it is.

- The risk that some other virus will have the lethality of Ebola and the transmissibility of COVID and cause a catastrophic pandemic. This is a real risk. I think I agree with Treyfish that among known viruses, Nipah probably presents the greatest risk, but let us not forget the risk of something we never saw coming. And I would argue the same zoonotic reservoirs that brought us SARS and COVID could easily cook up a third surprise as well.

- H5N1. It's still out there. Just because we haven't had an H5N1 pandemic yet doesn't mean we can't. And we'd have to be lucky as all hell for an H5N1 pandemic to be less severe than COVID, even with vaccines and antivirals.
 
Agree H5N1 could be worse, at least in the sense that it could affect a younger, healthier population. The current coronavirus seems like an attenuated virus that would be used in vaccine challenge experiments against a much deadlier virus.
 
My questions on H5N8 is nobody in India or SK has caught it yet but Russia had 7 catch it on 1 farm and doesn’t tell anyone for 2 months. So did it go H2H or all the guys catch it from the same chicken? Or were there multiple chickens handing it out?
 
Has testing of humans for asymptomatic and mild H5N8 bird flu begun in other nations with H5N8 outbreaks after seven infected workers in Russia’s Astrakhan region?

FEBRUARY 21, 2021.

By Daniel R. Lucey MD, MPH, FIDSA

On Saturday (Feb. 20 ), the Russian news agency TASS reported:

“At the beginning of December 2020, an outbreak of bird flu occurred at a poultry farm in Akhtubinsky district . . . During this period, seven employees of the poultry farm had a slight health disorder (sore throat) . . .”....

Specific studies to assess asymptomatic transmission of H5N8 from person-to-person must also be undertaken. This is especially true given the experience with COVID-19 pandemic, another “Disease X” novel virus for which asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission was initially underappreciated......

An earlier TASS article, on Dec. 16, had reported:

“The poultry population at the Vladimirovskaya poultry farm in the Akhtubinsky district of the Astrakhan region, numbering more than 800 thousand heads, will be completely eliminated due to an outbreak of bird flu . . . An outbreak of bird flu at the enterprise was detected on December 8. The poultry farm was quarantined, and the city of Akhtubinsk and the nearest village were also supervised.”....

...Importantly, there are very likely more human infections with H5N8 avian flu if the genetic sequence of the H5N8 virus causing the infections in these seven humans is the same as the H5N8 virus outbreaks in some of the 17 other European and 4 Middle East nations reported since October 2020 by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (see Table for nation-by-nation listing). ....:tiphat:https://sciencespeaksblog.org/2021/0...rakhan-region/
 
Inside Lagos’ wet markets: where dead and alive pangolins, sea turtles and monkeys being sold as experts fear next virus could come from Nigeria

By
News Wire
-
February 28, 2021

GRAPHIC WARNING: Animals including pangolins, primates and sea turtles are seen at a Nigerian wet market
Wild animals that are thought to have been illegally killed are found both dead and alive at Oluwu fish market

Exclusive footage shows vendors keeping animals in unhygienic conditions and not wearing any form of PPE

Experts warn environments like these are a perfect melting pot for zoonotic diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2
Shocking footage seen by MailOnline reveals the appalling state of Nigerian wet markets which have the potential to cause future disease outbreaks in humans....:tiphat:https://www.naija247news.com/2021/0...erts-fear-next-virus-could-come-from-nigeria/
 
MARCH 1, 2021?
Amid mutton shortage, camel meat tickles taste buds in Kashmir

Srinagar: Forget mutton, camel meat is tickling taste buds in Kashmir.
Demand for camel meat has witnessed an increase amid the ongoing mutton shortage in the Kashmir valley. Several mutton retailers are presently selling camel meat even as the deadlock between the dealers and government has not ended to date.

“Mutton retailers had earlier started selling chicken due to mutton shortage. And now I bought camel meat from a retailer at Natipora. I also noticed another retailer selling the same at Mehjoor Nagar, Batamaloo, Parimpora and a few other places in the city. Several people are scared to buy chicken due to bird flu and camel meat has come across as a good alternative to mutton,” said Omar Bhat, a customer....:tiphat:https://www.thekashmirmonitor.net/amid-mutton-shortage-camel-meat-tickles-taste-buds-in-kashmir/
 
EU must prepare for ‘era of pandemics’, von der Leyen says

POSTED BY VENTO ON 1ST MARCH 2021 IN INTERNATIONAL NEWS
Europe must prepare its medical sector to cope with an “era of pandemics”, the European Commission president said, as she warned the bloc was still in its most difficult period for Covid-19 vaccine deliveries. Ursula von der Leyen told the Financial Times that the EU could not afford to sit still even once Covid-19 has been overcome, as she described her plans for a Europewide fast-reaction system designed to respond more quickly to emerging medical threats.

“Europe is determined to enlarge its strength in vaccine production,” she said in a telephone interview. “It’s an era of pandemics we are entering. If you look at what has been happening over the past few years, I mean from HIV to Ebola to MERS to SARS, these were all epidemics which could be contained, but we should not think it is all over when we’ve overcome Covid-19. The risk is still there.” Von der Leyen last month unveiled plans for a biodefence preparedness plan called the HERA Incubator, which will combine researchers, biotech companies, manufacturers and public authorities to monitor emerging threats and work on adapting vaccines....:tiphat:http://maltawinds.com/2021/03/01/eu-must-prepare-for-era-of-pandemics-von-der-leyen-says/
 
.....Two viral-vector Ebola vaccines have been cleared for use.

However, there is but one inhibition about the use of viral-vector technology. Some fear that people could develop an immunity to the vaccine itself, potentially making it less effective against new variants of the coronavirus or another type of outbreak.

A viral-vector Covid-19 vaccine developed in China didn’t perform as well in some people during testing because subjects had pre-existing immunity to the underlying virus that was used.

WSJ’s report states that one way around the challenge is to use a virus from another species. The viral-vector vaccine from AstraZeneca PLC and its partner University of Oxford, which is being tested in the U.S., uses a chimpanzee adenovirus.:tiphat:https://in.news.yahoo.com/viral-vector-covid-19-vaccines-083600576.html
 
Researchers Have Discovered How SARS-CoV-2 Is Mutating

The virus is deleting parts of its spike protein genome.

By B. DAVID ZARLEY Published 10 minutes ago

As the virus behind COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, continues to proliferate around the world, it is accruing more and more mutations.

Like any organism, most mutations damage the coronavirus, and those crippled viruses will rapidly die out.

Every now and then, though, these SARS-CoV-2 mutations will hit upon a winning variant that proves beneficial to the virus. When that happens — as it seems to have in the U.K., South Africa, and Manaus, Brazil — those virus variants may out-compete the old strains and take over.

These mutations appear to be helping the coronavirus attach better to human cells, as well as partially evading antibodies to prior strains.

A team led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine has uncovered how those SARS-CoV-2 mutations are happening: the virus is deleting portions of its genetic sequence that control the spike protein.

This infamous little protein, which resembles an armor-clad pin with a drunken wobble, is how the virus gets into the cells; it's also the main target of coronavirus vaccines (as well as antibodies created by infection).

Understanding just how it is changing may help us prepare better treatments and vaccines to fight back against new strains.
........Worse, changes to such a critical piece of the virus can also make it harder for our immune systems to recognize it as the same familiar foe.

"Once it's gone, it's gone, and if it's gone in an important part of the virus that the antibody 'sees,' then it's gone for good," Duprex said.

Since submitting their paper, published in Science, for preprint this past fall, the researchers have seen their discovery come to horrific life: the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants, first identified in the U.K. and South Africa, both have these SARS-CoV-2 mutations-by-deletion.....
.:tiphat:https://www.freethink.com/articles/sars-cov-2-mutations
 
Updates on Rabies virus disease: is evolution toward "Zombie virus" a tangible threat?
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i1.9153
Authors:
Giuseppe Lippi
Gianfranco Cervellin
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
References (38)
Figures (3)
Abstract and Figures


Human rabies disease is caused by Rabies Lyssavirus, a virus belonging to Rhabdoviridae family. The more frequent means of contagion is through bites of infected mammals (especially dogs, but also bats, skunks, foxes, raccoons and wolves) which, lacerating the skin, directly inoculate virus-laden saliva into the underlying tissues. Immediately after inoculation, the Rabies virus enters neural axons and migrates along peripheral nerves towards the central nervous system, where it preferentially localizes and injuries neurons of brainstem, thalamus, basal ganglia and spinal cord. After an initial prodromic period, the infection evolves towards two distinct clinical entities, encompassing encephalitic (i.e., ?furious?; ~70-80% of cases) and paralytic (i.e., ?dumb?; ~20-30% of cases) rabies disease.

The former subtype is characterized by fever, hyperactivity, hydrophobia, hypersalivation, deteriorated consciousness, phobic or inspiratory spasms, autonomic stimulation, irritability, up to aggressive behaviours. The current worldwide incidence and mortality of rabies disease are estimated at 0.175?100,000 and 0.153?100,000, respectively. The incidence is higher in Africa and South-East Asia, nearly double in men than in women, with a higher peak in childhood. Mortality remains as high as ~90%.

Since patients with encephalitic rabies remind the traditional image of ?Zombies?, we need to think out-of-the-box, in that apocalyptic epidemics of mutated Rabies virus may be seen as an imaginable menace for mankind. This would be theoretically possible by either natural or artificial virus engineering, producing viral strains characterized by facilitated human-to-human transmission, faster incubation, enhanced neurotoxicity and predisposition towards developing highly aggressive behaviours...:tiphat:https://www.researchgate.net/public...olution_toward_Zombie_virus_a_tangible_threat
 
Search for "Animal X" hiding a deadly virus that could trigger a pandemic worse than the black death killing 75 million people

by Merlin Charpie
mars 9, 2021
"ANIMAL X" could hide a deadly virus that could trigger a pandemic worse than the Black Death that could kill more than 75 million people.​
Experts told Sun Online how unknown viruses that are currently lurking unnoticed in animals could mutate and spread to humans.
As the world currently grapples with the Covid pandemic, scientists are in a race against time to find the potential source of the next one.
Animals and the viruses lurking in them are one of the prime suspects as expanding human populations come into contact with nature.
World Health Organization (WHO) officials have warned that the threat of zoonotic diseases - where infections pass from animals to humans - is an emerging danger.
WHO estimates that around one billion cases of disease and millions of deaths occur each year from zoonoses.
Dr Josef Settele, of the Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research, co-author of a new United Nations-level study on future pandemics, told Sun Online: ?In principle, any species could be a source. The probability is higher for groups where there are more species such as rats and bats.
?Ultimately, it depends on the adaptability of the species. "
The Sun Online previously revealed how a still-unknown disease could cause the next pandemic, a phenomenon known as Disease X - and it is possible that this could be carried by an unknown animal, "Animal X".
We also revealed that scientists fear the next pandemic will be worse than the Black Death - which killed 75 million people - and that humanity could face a health crisis every five years.
Of the 1.67 million unknown viruses on the planet, up to 827,000 of them may have the ability to infect people from animals, according to the EcoHealth Alliance.
Covid-19 is believed to be a chilling reminder of how animal viruses can make the leap to humanity and spread like wildfire.
Bird flu, SARS, MERS, Nipah, and yellow fever are all examples of bugs that originated in animals before viruses mutated and spread to humans.
Clearance of the Amazon rainforest has been called a potential arena for the next pandemic, with bats being captured by the state-run Fiocruz Institute for study to identify any other viruses that could be fatal to humans.
Australians have also been warned to move away from their native bats, which could also carry a number of harmful diseases that we are not aware of - with the emerging Hendra virus believed to be from flying rodents.
Wet markets in China, where animals such as bats are slaughtered and then sold as meat, are notorious for being a hotbed of disease, with studies warning of infectious respiratory diseases emerging even before the pandemic. of Covid-19.
Like wet markets, bushmeat markets in Africa selling monkey meat have been blamed for the emergence of the deadly Ebola virus.
Russia detected the first cases of H5N8 bird flu transmitted to humans last month, and while the disease has not caused any deaths, the way it has adapted to infect people is a worrying sign.
Scientists fear that an outbreak of MERS, a coronavirus deadlier than Covid-19, could trigger a pandemic due to the greater number of people in contact with camels - a reservoir of the virus.
Anthony Lockett, an infectious disease doctor, told Sun Online how bats could be the source of the next pandemic.
He told us, ?The species that could harbor disease X are bats and birds, as both can fly and travel long distances.
?The migratory patterns of bats can be disrupted, resulting in the spread of disease, as was seen in Australia a few years ago, when bats spread disease to humans. "
But Mr. Lockett is more concerned about the damaging potential of birds.
While there have been no casualties in this outbreak, Lockett added that if people had not taken social distance, we likely would have seen an outbreak of bird flu in humans this year.
He told Sun Online: ?Balancing between bats and birds, I suspect birds win.
?Birds can transmit infection between migratory species such as ducks and poultry.
?There has been an ongoing bird flu outbreak among birds in the context of the Covid outbreak. Many small owners have been told to keep their birds indoors.
"I suspect the reason we haven't seen an outbreak of bird flu in humans this year is because of social distancing."
He added: "In the case of birds, it is not only habitat encroachment, but global warming will alter migration patterns and lead to the spread of the disease to areas that are not normally associated. to avian influenza. "
In addition to Russia, bird flu outbreaks were discovered in India and the UK last month.


The world's worst pandemics

These are the deadliest disease outbreaks in history - with several times the death toll than currently triggered by Covid.
Black Death - So....
Many diseases are believed to have infected humans through the consumption of contaminated meat, including Covid-19, Ebola, and SARS.

Wet markets in China have been described as transmission epicenters of potential pandemics, where live animals, including bats, are slaughtered and sold to customers.
African bushmeat markets offering a similar type of service have been accused of epidemics such as Ebola.
Dr Settele told Sun Online: ?Wet markets and bushmeat markets increase the risk of the spread of new diseases due to the proximity of animals of the same species but also of different species, and the presence direct from a large number of groups. "

However, he also warned that the next pandemic could come from anywhere in the animal kingdom.
He added: ?In principle, any species could be a source. The probability is higher for groups where there are more species such as rats and bats.
Environmental writer John Vidal, who is working on a book revealing the links between nature and disease, has predicted the world is facing a new Black Death-scale pandemic.
Given the popularity of air travel and global trade, a virus could rage across the world, unknowingly spread by asymptomatic carriers, "in a matter of weeks, killing tens of millions before borders close." he adds.
He said: ?Mankind has changed its relationship with wild and farmed animals, destroying their habitats and bringing them together - and the process? is only accelerating.
?If we fail to appreciate the gravity of the situation, this current pandemic may just be the forerunner of something much more serious. "

:tiphat:https://news-24.fr/cherchez-animal-...la-mort-noire-tuant-75-millions-de-personnes/
 
12 MAR, 00:03

Popova: a new type of avian influenza virus is likely to be transmitted from person to person


The head of Rospotrebnadzor stressed that there is time to prepare for such a scenario - to develop tests and create a vaccine

MOSCOW, March 12. / TASS /. A new type of avian influenza A (H5N8) virus, which was identified in several Russians in February, is likely to mutate soon and be able to be transmitted from person to person, Anna Popova, head of Rospotrebnadzor, told TASS.
"The forecast that this will happen has a fairly high degree of probability. It is likely to happen. <...> But we saw it before the trouble struck," she said.
Popova stressed that there is time to prepare for such a scenario - to develop tests and create a vaccine. "It won't be necessary - this will be a lucky chance. But if necessary, we will be ready. That is, we were able to see and warn the entire world community that there is a threat," the agency's interlocutor added.
According to her, the detection of this virus in humans has become a "world-class discovery" and a natural result of the work of the entire sanitary and epidemiological surveillance system.


In February, Popova said that scientists at the Vector Center had confirmed the world's first cases of human infection with the avian influenza A (H5N8) virus. Then it was reported that seven employees of a poultry farm in the south of Russia were infected, where an outbreak among the poultry population occurred in December last year.:tiphat:https://tass.ru/obschestvo/10887701


Russia Warns of H5N8 Bird Flu Transmission

Updated: 19 hours ago

The mutating H5N8 strain of avian flu has a high risk of human-to-human transmission, Russian authorities warned Friday.

Anna Popova, who heads Russia?s health watchdog Rospotrebnadzor, made the prediction nearly a month after scientists detected the first case of H5N8 transmission to humans at a southern Russia poultry farm.

?There?s a fairly high degree of probability? of human-to-human transmission forecasts, Popova told the state-run TASS news agency.

Though people can get infected with other bird and swine flu subtypes, the H5N8 strain that is lethal for birds has never been reported to have spread to humans.

?This is likely to happen. Colleagues say that the mutation is continuing very actively,? Popova said.

Popova noted that Rospotrebnadzor and the Siberia-based Vektor state research laboratory ?have the time? to develop a test kit and a vaccine, ?then monitor the situation.?

?If we won?t need it, it?ll be a lucky break. But if necessary, we?ll be ready,? Russia?s chief sanitary doctor told TASS.

?In other words, we?ll be able to warn the entire world community of the threat.?:tiphat:https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/03/12/russia-warns-of-h5n8-bird-flu-transmission-a73219
 
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