tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Transbound Emerg Dis
. 2026;2026(1):7198173.
doi: 10.1155/tbed/7198173.
Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski 1 , Zalán Homonnay 2 , Gwenaëlle Dauphin 1 , István Kiss 2 , Susanne Zoels 3 , Julia Stadler 3 , Nick Vereecke 4 5
Affiliations Expand
Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is an important One Health pathogen due to its genetic diversity, ongoing reassortment, and implications for animal and public health. Between 2022 and 2023, nasal swabs (NSs) from pigs of multiple age groups were collected from 134 farms across 16 European countries and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), subtyping, and whole-genome sequencing. Clinical and management metadata were integrated with viral genotypes. swIAV was detected in 93% of the targeted farms included in this study, with Clade 1A (H1pdmN1) and Clade 1C (H1avN1, H1avN2, and H1huN2) predominating. Sequencing identified 23 genotypes, including 12 previously unreported ones. Exploratory analysis suggested potential associations between specific hemagglutinin (HA) (sub)clades and clinical signs in piglets and with herd management factors. High genotype diversity-especially in Spain (ES)-suggests potential associations with intensive production systems. Overall, this large European survey indicates frequent circulation of swIAV within the targeted study population, accompanied by high genetic diversity and ongoing reassortment, underscoring the need for harmonized genomic surveillance to inform veterinary and public health preparedness.
Keywords: One Health; cross-associations; reassortment dynamics; swine influenza virus.
. 2026;2026(1):7198173.
doi: 10.1155/tbed/7198173.
Large-Scale Genomic Surveillance of Swine Influenza A Viruses in Europe Highlights Increased Reassortment Potential and Field-Based Associations With Clinical Manifestations
Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski 1 , Zalán Homonnay 2 , Gwenaëlle Dauphin 1 , István Kiss 2 , Susanne Zoels 3 , Julia Stadler 3 , Nick Vereecke 4 5
Affiliations Expand
- PMID: 42968597
- PMCID: PMC13725215
- DOI: 10.1155/tbed/7198173
Abstract
Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is an important One Health pathogen due to its genetic diversity, ongoing reassortment, and implications for animal and public health. Between 2022 and 2023, nasal swabs (NSs) from pigs of multiple age groups were collected from 134 farms across 16 European countries and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), subtyping, and whole-genome sequencing. Clinical and management metadata were integrated with viral genotypes. swIAV was detected in 93% of the targeted farms included in this study, with Clade 1A (H1pdmN1) and Clade 1C (H1avN1, H1avN2, and H1huN2) predominating. Sequencing identified 23 genotypes, including 12 previously unreported ones. Exploratory analysis suggested potential associations between specific hemagglutinin (HA) (sub)clades and clinical signs in piglets and with herd management factors. High genotype diversity-especially in Spain (ES)-suggests potential associations with intensive production systems. Overall, this large European survey indicates frequent circulation of swIAV within the targeted study population, accompanied by high genetic diversity and ongoing reassortment, underscoring the need for harmonized genomic surveillance to inform veterinary and public health preparedness.
Keywords: One Health; cross-associations; reassortment dynamics; swine influenza virus.