tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Transbound Emerg Dis
. 2022 Mar 27.
doi: 10.1111/tbed.14535. Online ahead of print.
First evidence that an emerging mammalian alphacoronavirus is able to infect an avian species
Xiao-Qiang Mei[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pan Qin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yong-Le Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Min Liao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Qi-Zhang Liang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zhuangzhuang Zhao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fang-Shu Shi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bin Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yao-Wei Huang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
A novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus, swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), related to Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU2 in the subgenus Rhinacovirus has emerged in southern China in 2017, causing diarrhea in newborn piglets, and critical questions remain about the pathogenicity, cross-species transmission and potential animal reservoirs. Our laboratory's previous research has shown that SADS-CoV can replicate in various cell types from different species, including chickens. Here, we systematically explore the susceptibility of chicken to a cell-adapted SADS-CoV strain both in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, evidences of SADS-CoV replication in primary chicken cells including cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence staining, growth curve and structural protein expression were proven. Furthermore, we observed that SADS-CoV could replicate in chicken embryos without causing gross lesion, and that experimental infection of chicks resulted in mild respiratory symptoms. More importantly, SADS-CoV shedding and viral distribution in lungs, spleens, small intestines and large intestines of infected chickens were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The genomic sequence of the original SADS-CoV from the pig source sample in 2017 was determined to have nine nucleotide differences compared to the used cell-adapted strain; among these were three non-synonymous mutations in the spike gene. These results collectively demonstrate that chickens are susceptible to SADS-CoV infection, suggesting that they are a potential animal reservoir. To our knowledge, this study provides the first experimental evidence of cross-species infection that a mammalian alphacoronavirus is able to infect an avian species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: SADS-CoV; alphacoronavirus; chicken; cross-species infection; embryo.
. 2022 Mar 27.
doi: 10.1111/tbed.14535. Online ahead of print.
First evidence that an emerging mammalian alphacoronavirus is able to infect an avian species
Xiao-Qiang Mei[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pan Qin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yong-Le Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Min Liao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Qi-Zhang Liang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zhuangzhuang Zhao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fang-Shu Shi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bin Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yao-Wei Huang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35340130
- DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14535
Abstract
A novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus, swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), related to Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU2 in the subgenus Rhinacovirus has emerged in southern China in 2017, causing diarrhea in newborn piglets, and critical questions remain about the pathogenicity, cross-species transmission and potential animal reservoirs. Our laboratory's previous research has shown that SADS-CoV can replicate in various cell types from different species, including chickens. Here, we systematically explore the susceptibility of chicken to a cell-adapted SADS-CoV strain both in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, evidences of SADS-CoV replication in primary chicken cells including cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence staining, growth curve and structural protein expression were proven. Furthermore, we observed that SADS-CoV could replicate in chicken embryos without causing gross lesion, and that experimental infection of chicks resulted in mild respiratory symptoms. More importantly, SADS-CoV shedding and viral distribution in lungs, spleens, small intestines and large intestines of infected chickens were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The genomic sequence of the original SADS-CoV from the pig source sample in 2017 was determined to have nine nucleotide differences compared to the used cell-adapted strain; among these were three non-synonymous mutations in the spike gene. These results collectively demonstrate that chickens are susceptible to SADS-CoV infection, suggesting that they are a potential animal reservoir. To our knowledge, this study provides the first experimental evidence of cross-species infection that a mammalian alphacoronavirus is able to infect an avian species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: SADS-CoV; alphacoronavirus; chicken; cross-species infection; embryo.