tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 Oct 10;9:344. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00344. eCollection 2019. [h=1]The Quest for a Truly Universal Influenza Vaccine.[/h]
Jang YH[SUP]1[/SUP], Seong BL[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. 2 Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] There is an unmet public health need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) to provide broad and durable protection from influenza virus infections. The identification of broadly protective antibodies and cross-reactive T cells directed to influenza viral targets present a promising prospect for the development of a UIV. Multiple targets for cross-protection have been identified in the stalk and head of hemagglutinin (HA) to develop a UIV. Recently, neuraminidase (NA) has received significant attention as a critical component for increasing the breadth of protection. The HA stalk-based approaches have shown promising results of broader protection in animal studies, and their feasibility in humans are being evaluated in clinical trials. Mucosal immune responses and cross-reactive T cell immunity across influenza A and B viruses intrinsic to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) have emerged as essential features to be incorporated into a UIV. Complementing the weakness of the stand-alone approaches, prime-boost vaccination combining HA stalk, and LAIV is under clinical evaluation, with the aim to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of protection. Preexisting immunity in humans established by prior exposure to influenza viruses may affect the hierarchy and magnitude of immune responses elicited by an influenza vaccine, limiting the interpretation of preclinical data based on naive animals, necessitating human challenge studies. A consensus is yet to be achieved on the spectrum of protection, efficacy, target population, and duration of protection to define a "universal" vaccine. This review discusses the recent advancements in the development of UIVs, rationales behind cross-protection and vaccine designs, and challenges faced in obtaining balanced protection potency, a wide spectrum of protection, and safety relevant to UIVs.
Copyright ? 2019 Jang and Seong.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] HA stalk; M2e; T cell; cross-protection; influenza virus; live attenuated influenza vaccine; universal influenza vaccine
PMID: 31649895 PMCID: PMC6795694 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00344
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Jang YH[SUP]1[/SUP], Seong BL[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. 2 Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] There is an unmet public health need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) to provide broad and durable protection from influenza virus infections. The identification of broadly protective antibodies and cross-reactive T cells directed to influenza viral targets present a promising prospect for the development of a UIV. Multiple targets for cross-protection have been identified in the stalk and head of hemagglutinin (HA) to develop a UIV. Recently, neuraminidase (NA) has received significant attention as a critical component for increasing the breadth of protection. The HA stalk-based approaches have shown promising results of broader protection in animal studies, and their feasibility in humans are being evaluated in clinical trials. Mucosal immune responses and cross-reactive T cell immunity across influenza A and B viruses intrinsic to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) have emerged as essential features to be incorporated into a UIV. Complementing the weakness of the stand-alone approaches, prime-boost vaccination combining HA stalk, and LAIV is under clinical evaluation, with the aim to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of protection. Preexisting immunity in humans established by prior exposure to influenza viruses may affect the hierarchy and magnitude of immune responses elicited by an influenza vaccine, limiting the interpretation of preclinical data based on naive animals, necessitating human challenge studies. A consensus is yet to be achieved on the spectrum of protection, efficacy, target population, and duration of protection to define a "universal" vaccine. This review discusses the recent advancements in the development of UIVs, rationales behind cross-protection and vaccine designs, and challenges faced in obtaining balanced protection potency, a wide spectrum of protection, and safety relevant to UIVs.
Copyright ? 2019 Jang and Seong.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] HA stalk; M2e; T cell; cross-protection; influenza virus; live attenuated influenza vaccine; universal influenza vaccine
PMID: 31649895 PMCID: PMC6795694 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00344
Free full text