Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Early Online Publication, 24 March 2014 / doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70033-5
Copyright ? 2014 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Progress in tuberculosis vaccine development and host-directed therapies?a state of the art review
Original Text
Prof Stefan H E Kaufmann PhD a, Prof Christoph Lange MD b, Martin Rao PhD i, Prof Kithiganahalli N Balaji PhD c, Prof Michael Lotze MD d e, Marco Schito PhD f, Prof Alimuddin I Zumla FRCP g h, Prof Markus Maeurer MD i
Summary
Tuberculosis continues to kill 1?4 million people annually. During the past 5 years, an alarming increase in the number of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has been noted, particularly in eastern Europe, Asia, and southern Africa. Treatment outcomes with available treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis are poor. Although substantial progress in drug development for tuberculosis has been made, scientific progress towards development of interventions for prevention and improvement of drug treatment outcomes have lagged behind. Innovative interventions are therefore needed to combat the growing pandemic of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Novel adjunct treatments are needed to accomplish improved cure rates for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. A novel, safe, widely applicable, and more effective vaccine against tuberculosis is also desperately sought to achieve disease control. The quest to develop a universally protective vaccine for tuberculosis continues. So far, research and development of tuberculosis vaccines has resulted in almost 20 candidates at different stages of the clinical trial pipeline. Host-directed therapies are now being developed to refocus the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis-directed immune responses towards the host; a strategy that could be especially beneficial for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. As we are running short of canonical tuberculosis drugs, more attention should be given to host-directed preventive and therapeutic intervention measures.
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a Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; b Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Medical Clinic, Research Center Borstel, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Borstel, Germany; c Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; d University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; e University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; f Henry M Jackson Foundation-Division of AIDS, TB Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; g Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; h UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; i Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Correspondence to: Prof Markus Maeurer, Karolinska Institutet, LabMed, H?lsov?gen F79, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
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The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Early Online Publication, 24 March 2014 / doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70033-5
Copyright ? 2014 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Progress in tuberculosis vaccine development and host-directed therapies?a state of the art review
Original Text
Prof Stefan H E Kaufmann PhD a, Prof Christoph Lange MD b, Martin Rao PhD i, Prof Kithiganahalli N Balaji PhD c, Prof Michael Lotze MD d e, Marco Schito PhD f, Prof Alimuddin I Zumla FRCP g h, Prof Markus Maeurer MD i
Summary
Tuberculosis continues to kill 1?4 million people annually. During the past 5 years, an alarming increase in the number of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has been noted, particularly in eastern Europe, Asia, and southern Africa. Treatment outcomes with available treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis are poor. Although substantial progress in drug development for tuberculosis has been made, scientific progress towards development of interventions for prevention and improvement of drug treatment outcomes have lagged behind. Innovative interventions are therefore needed to combat the growing pandemic of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Novel adjunct treatments are needed to accomplish improved cure rates for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. A novel, safe, widely applicable, and more effective vaccine against tuberculosis is also desperately sought to achieve disease control. The quest to develop a universally protective vaccine for tuberculosis continues. So far, research and development of tuberculosis vaccines has resulted in almost 20 candidates at different stages of the clinical trial pipeline. Host-directed therapies are now being developed to refocus the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis-directed immune responses towards the host; a strategy that could be especially beneficial for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. As we are running short of canonical tuberculosis drugs, more attention should be given to host-directed preventive and therapeutic intervention measures.
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a Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; b Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Medical Clinic, Research Center Borstel, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Borstel, Germany; c Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; d University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; e University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; f Henry M Jackson Foundation-Division of AIDS, TB Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; g Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; h UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; i Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Correspondence to: Prof Markus Maeurer, Karolinska Institutet, LabMed, H?lsov?gen F79, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
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