tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Mol Immunol. 2015 Jul 20. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2015.74. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy.[/h] Liu Q[SUP]1[/SUP], Zhou YH[SUP]1[/SUP], Yang ZQ[SUP]2[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Severe influenza remains unusual in its virulence for humans. Complications or ultimately death arising from these infections are often associated with hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine production, which is also known as 'cytokine storm'. For this disease, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory therapy may improve the outcome, with or without the combination of antiviral agents. Here, we review the current literature on how various effectors of the immune system initiate the cytokine storm and exacerbate pathological damage in hosts. We also review some of the current immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of cytokine storms in severe influenza, including corticosteroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-tumour-necrosis factor therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, statins, arbidol, herbs, and other potential therapeutic strategies.Cellular & Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 20 July 2015; doi:10.1038/cmi.2015.74.
PMID: 26189369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[h=1]The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy.[/h] Liu Q[SUP]1[/SUP], Zhou YH[SUP]1[/SUP], Yang ZQ[SUP]2[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Severe influenza remains unusual in its virulence for humans. Complications or ultimately death arising from these infections are often associated with hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine production, which is also known as 'cytokine storm'. For this disease, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory therapy may improve the outcome, with or without the combination of antiviral agents. Here, we review the current literature on how various effectors of the immune system initiate the cytokine storm and exacerbate pathological damage in hosts. We also review some of the current immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of cytokine storms in severe influenza, including corticosteroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-tumour-necrosis factor therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, statins, arbidol, herbs, and other potential therapeutic strategies.Cellular & Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 20 July 2015; doi:10.1038/cmi.2015.74.
PMID: 26189369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]