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Tanzania - Cholera outbreak 2022

Pathfinder

Pathfinder

Editor, Senior Moderator
WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 18: 24 April – 1 May 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 1 May 2022
...
All events currently being monitored by WHO AFRO
...

Tanzania, United Republic of
...

The Ministry of Health of The United Republic of Tanzania notified WHO on 25 April 2022 of an outbreak of cholera in Kigoma and Katavi Regions. From 14 Apr to 1 May 2022, 14 cumulative cases (37 from Katavi Region and 107 from Kigoma Region) have been reported with no deaths. A total of 22 cases have been confirmed postive by diagnostic tests, of which 13 cases were confirmed via rapid diagnostic tests and 11 have been confirmed to have Vibrio cholerae isolates. More than 40% of cases have been reported among children <5 years.

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/...0401052022.pdf
 
Tanzania: 2022 Cholera

Source: https://newsghana.com.gh/tanzania-urges-citizens-to-take-precautionary-measures-against-cholera/


Tanzania urges citizens to take precautionary measures against cholera
By Xinhua -
May 18, 2022

Tanzanian health authorities on Monday urged citizens to take precautionary measures against cholera, saying the disease had claimed lives and continued to be reported in various parts of the East African nation.

The Minister for Health Ummy Mwalimu told parliament in Dodoma, the capital of Tanzania, that cholera killed four people between July 2021 and March 2022.

Tabling her ministry’s budget estimates for the 2022/2023 financial year that begins on July 1, 2022, and ends on June 30, 2023, Mwalimu said 390 cholera cases were reported in various health centers during the period under review...
 
Source: https://reliefweb.int/report/united...emergency-plan-action-epoa-dref-ndeg-mdrtz031

Tanzania: Cholera Outbreak - Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA), DREF n° MDRTZ031

Format Situation Report
Source IFRC
Posted 20 May 2022
Originally published 19 May 2022

A. Situation analysis

Description of the disaster

On 23 April 2022, the government reported cholera cases in Uvinza DC (Kigoma region) and Tanganyika DC (Katavi region). These cases were reported in the Kalya ward in Uvinza DC which has a population of 22,486 (Kigoma region) and Karema and Ikola wards with a population of 15,982) Tanganyika district, Katavi region).

By 28 April 2022, the outbreak had spread to other areas along the lake shores of Lake Tanganyika with a total of 129 symptomatically suspected cases of which eight were confirmed. Uvinza district accounts for the majority of the cases (106 cases) distributed in the following district: Kalya village 3, Sibwesa village 47, Kashangulu village 56 While in Tanganyika district 23 accounts for 13 cases from Ikola, 1 Mchangani, and 9 Karema. Most of the affected locations are fishing villages with poor sanitation practices that include open defecation and densely populated areas which lack adequate sanitation with poor access to clean and safe water, posing a danger for further spread of the epidemic. Zero fatalities have been reported to date. See the summary of cases distributed per Cholera Treatment Centre (CTC) in Table 1 below:

This cholera outbreak has occurred during the rainy season, and it bears a high potential to spread to other hotspots within Kigoma and Katavi if not well managed. Kigoma also is hosting refugees and if not controlled, the cases might spread there. The outbreak may have originated from the Rukwa region nearby, where cases were reported in early March 2022. The initially observed trend of cholera puts the villages along Lake Tanganyika at high risk of transmission, and if not contained, then cholera might eventually spread to other parts of the country. Currently, there are no reports of suspected cases in the rest of the country, and the Ministry of Health (MoH) is tracking all reported cases of acute watery diarrhoea and symptoms of cholera through an active surveillance system.

A risk assessment is being conducted by the Ministry of Health. Once the assessment report is shared with partners, it will give more clarity regarding the situation and gaps in the response strategy. Meanwhile, the MoH has put in place systems for the response. Regional and district multi-sectoral response plans are being completed; these will be shared with relevant stakeholders after approval....
 
Source: https://reliefweb.int/report/united...dg-echo-ifrc-who-echo-daily-flash-25-may-2022

Tanzania - Cholera outbreak (DG ECHO, IFRC, WHO) (ECHO Daily Flash of 25 May 2022)

Format News and Press Release
Source ECHO
Posted 25 May 2022
Originally published 25 May 2022

At least 181 cases of cholera have been reported since the government announced the outbreak on 23 April 2022. No fatalities have been reported. The outbreak has spread from the initial locations in the regions of Kigoma and Katavi to other areas along the shores of Lake Tanganyika with a risk of a further spread. More than 40 percent of the cases occurred among children younger than five years of age.

Authorities have reacted swiftly and there is an active surveillance system in place....
 
WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 21: 16 – 22 May 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 22 May 2022
...
All events currently being monitored by WHO AFRO
...

Tanzania,United Republic of
Cholera Ungraded

Date notified to WCO 25-Apr-2022
Start of reporting period 14-Apr-2022
End of reporting period 23-May-2022

Total cases 214
Cases Confirmed 24
Deaths 1
CFR 0.5%

The Ministry of Health of The United Republic of Tanzania notified WHO on 25 April 2022 of an outbreak of cholera in Kigoma and Katavi Regions. From 14 Apr to 12 May 2022, 214 cumulative cases and 1 death (CFR 0.5%) have been reported from the Districts of Tanganyika in Katavi Region (88, 41.1%) and Uvinza in Kigoma Region (126, 58.8%). A total of 24 cases have been confirmed positive for Vibrio cholerae. About 37% of cases have been reported among children 3-10 years.

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/354552/OEW21-1622052022.pdf

https://www.afro.who.int/countries/...d-emergencies-bulletin-week-21-16-22-may-2022
 
WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 26: 20 - 26 June 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 26 June 2022
...

Cholera Republic of Tanzania

331 case
6 Deaths
1.8% CFR

EVENT DESCRIPTION

On 25 April 2022, the Ministry of Health of the United Republic
of Tanzania notified WHO of an outbreak of cholera in the Kigoma
and Katavi Regions affecting the Uvinza and Tanganyika districts
respectively. As of 22 June 2022, a total of 331 cases with six deaths
(CFR 1.8%) have been reported from the two regions, Kigoma
(n=126) and Katavi (n=205). The outbreak was declared over in the
Kigoma region on 6 June but is still active in the Katavi region.

Since its first detection in Lake Tanganyika district, Katavi region
on 18 April 2022, the cholera outbreak continues to unfold with 27
new cases, including one death reported during the week ending 19
June 2022. This marks a 54% decline following a peak of 59 cases,
including two deaths reported during the preceding week (week
ending 12 June 2022). As of 22 June 2022, a cumulative total of
205 cases with six deaths (CFR 2.9%) have been reported from the
Katavi region. Of 78 samples cultured, 40 were positive for Vibrio
cholerae. The age group 21-30 years comprised most (24.7%) of the
reported cases.

The current outbreak in the Katavi region has been linked to the
outbreak which occurred in the contiguous Kigoma region between
14 April and 6 June 2022. In the Katavi region, the outbreak is
confined to Tanganyika District and has affected three wards -
Karema, Ikola, and Kapalemsenga. Kapalemsenga Ward is at the
epi-centre of the outbreak constituting 47.5% (n=97) of the total
cases reported from the region. Outbreak investigation has revealed
a cluster of cases among primary school children in Kapalemsenga
Ward. Underreporting of cases is likely given the reported suboptimal
surveillance and response activities in the affected areas.

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

A national emergency coordination mechanism led by the
Ministry of Health with involvement of WHO and partners has
been activated to respond to the outbreak.

The deployment of a national level multi-disciplinary and multisectoral
rapid response team to further investigate and support
field response activities in the affected areas is being planned.
A list of essential medical supplies and logistics to respond
to the outbreak in the affected areas has been compiled for
rapid mobilization of the needed resources to facilitate urgent
procurement.

An update to the district cholera response plan to address
current gaps has been finalized after a review process involving
multi-sectoral stakeholders.

Training of healthcare workers to enhance capacity for
management of cholera cases is ongoing in the affected district.

Risk communication and community engagement activities
involving meetings with local leaders and community
stakeholders to enhance preventive measures including
improved sanitation and hygiene practices are being
implemented.

The local district surveillance team continue to investigate
and report new cases or clusters of cases, including a cluster
involving students at a primary school in Kapalemsenga Ward.

SITUATION INTERPRETATION

Cholera is endemic in Tanzania and the current outbreak is
concentrated in densely populated areas, located along the shores
of Lake Tanganyika, where poor sanitation practices such as open
defecation are prevalent and fueled by limited access to clean water
sanitation and hygiene. A case fatality ratio of 2.9% in Katavi region,
above the 1% threshold for cholera, is concerning amidst reports of
suboptimal surveillance and response activities in the area. National
authorities and partners need to act swiftly as in the case of the
Kigoma region, to prevent further spread of infection as well as deaths
associated with the cholera outbreak. Sustainable investment in clean
water sanitation and hygiene is critical to reduce the incidence of
cholera in the region and prevent recurrent outbreak of the disease.

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/358807/OEW26-2026062022.pdf

https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/disease-outbreaks/outbreaks-and-other-emergencies-updates
 
WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 39: 19 - 25 September 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 25 September 2022
...

Closed Events

Tanzania, United Republic of Cholera Ungraded

Date notified to WCO 13-Sep-22
Start of reporting period Aug-22 26-
End of reporting period 26-Sep-22

Total cases 40
Cases Confirmed 29
Deaths 0
CFR 0.0%

A new outbreak of cholera has been reported from Tanganyika District in Katavi Region since 1 August 2022, 32 days after the previous outbreak in the same area which was reported in last June 2022. As of 13 September 2022, there has been a cumulative number of 40 cases with no death, all of whom have been cured and discharged. The last case was reported on 2 September 2022. A total of 37 samples were collected, 29 of which returned positive to Vibrio cholerae. Majority of cases were aged between 11-20 years (13 cases) and 3-5 years (13 cases). Two wards have been affected in Katavi Region: Karema (85% of cases) and Kapalamsenga (15% of cases). The outbreak was officially declared over by MoH on 26 September 2022.

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/bitstream/handle/10665/363303/OEW39-1925092022.pdf
 
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