can moove it/ mode of contamination
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/AEM.00076-08v1
Successful control of viral disease requires knowledge of the<sup> </sup>different vectors that could promote its transmission among<sup> </sup>hosts. We assessed the survival of human influenza viruses on<sup> </sup>banknotes given that billions of these are exchanged daily worldwide.<sup> </sup>Banknotes were experimentally contaminated with representative<sup> </sup>influenza subtypes at various concentrations and survival tested<sup> </sup>at different time periods. Influenza A viruses tested by cell<sup> </sup>culture survived up to three days when inoculated at high concentrations.<sup> </sup>The same inoculum in the presence of respiratory mucus showed<sup> </sup>a striking increase in survival time of up to 17 days. Similarly,<sup> </sup>B/Hong Kong/335/2001 virus was still infectious after one day<sup> </sup>when mixed with respiratory mucus. When nasopharyngeal secretions<sup> </sup>of naturally-infected children were used, influenza virus survived<sup> </sup>for at least 48h in one-third of cases. The unexpected stability<sup> </sup>of influenza in this non-biological environment suggests that<sup> </sup>unusual environmental contamination should be considered in<sup> </sup>the setting of pandemic preparedness.
The prolonged stability<sup> </sup>of influenza in a non-biological environment such as on banknotes<sup> </sup>suggests that unusual environmental vectors need to be considered,<sup> </sup>particularly in the context of pandemic preparedness.
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/AEM.00076-08v1
Successful control of viral disease requires knowledge of the<sup> </sup>different vectors that could promote its transmission among<sup> </sup>hosts. We assessed the survival of human influenza viruses on<sup> </sup>banknotes given that billions of these are exchanged daily worldwide.<sup> </sup>Banknotes were experimentally contaminated with representative<sup> </sup>influenza subtypes at various concentrations and survival tested<sup> </sup>at different time periods. Influenza A viruses tested by cell<sup> </sup>culture survived up to three days when inoculated at high concentrations.<sup> </sup>The same inoculum in the presence of respiratory mucus showed<sup> </sup>a striking increase in survival time of up to 17 days. Similarly,<sup> </sup>B/Hong Kong/335/2001 virus was still infectious after one day<sup> </sup>when mixed with respiratory mucus. When nasopharyngeal secretions<sup> </sup>of naturally-infected children were used, influenza virus survived<sup> </sup>for at least 48h in one-third of cases. The unexpected stability<sup> </sup>of influenza in this non-biological environment suggests that<sup> </sup>unusual environmental contamination should be considered in<sup> </sup>the setting of pandemic preparedness.
The prolonged stability<sup> </sup>of influenza in a non-biological environment such as on banknotes<sup> </sup>suggests that unusual environmental vectors need to be considered,<sup> </sup>particularly in the context of pandemic preparedness.
