Sally Furniss
Well-known member
Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Tohoku District, Japan
Alam Jahangir, Yuko Watanabe, Omoto Chinen, Shoki Yamazaki, Kouji Sakai, Masashi Okamura, Masayuki Nakamura, and Kazuaki Takehara
Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi 23, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
Abstract
Among winter migratory waterfowl, Northern pintails (Anas acuta), in one of the largest flocks in Tohoku district, northeast Japan, were surveyed for influenza A viruses at five wintering sites in three prefectures, viz., Aomori, Akita, and Miyagi. A total of 38 influenza A viruses were isolated from 2066 fecal samples collected during November 2006 through March 2007. The overall isolation rate was 1.84%. Eleven different subtypes were isolated, including nine H5N2, seven H6N8, seven H10N1, four H4N6, three H6N1, three H11N9, and one each of H1N1, H6N2, H6N5, H10N9, H11N1. Only the H4N6 subtype was detected during two successive months, November and December, from Lake Ogawara of Aomori prefecture. One wintering site, Lake Izunuma of Miyagi prefecture, was negative for virus isolation throughout the study period. During the sampling period, the highest virus isolation rate was in December (4.90%) followed by November (2.18%), January (0.91%), and February (0.30%). Virus isolation was negative for samples collected in March 2007. These results suggest that influenza viruses are introduced by Northern pintail when they migrate into Japan, but the viruses are not maintained in the flocks, most likely because the birds are not breeding during the winter. We believe that this relatively large data set creates a strong foundation for future studies of avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence, evolution, and ecology in wintering sites, along with the role of Northern pintails in the spread of AIV during their migration from northern Russia and Asia to Japan.
Resumen
Vigilancia del virus de influenza aviar en patos golondrinos (Anas acuta) en el distrito Tohoku, Jap?n.
Entre las aves acu?ticas migratorias, los patos golondrinos (Anas acuta), una de las parvadas mas grandes en el distrito de Tohoku al noreste de Jap?n, fueron muestreados para detectar la presencia de influenza A, en cinco sitios de invierno ubicadas en tres provincias: Aomori, Akita y Miyagi. De un total de 2066 muestras de heces tomadas durante el periodo comprendido entre Noviembre del a?o 2006 y Marzo del a?o 2007, se aislaron 38 virus de influenza A. La tasa total de aislamiento fue de 1.84%. Se aislaron once subtipos diferentes, incluyendo nueve H5N2, siete H6N8, siete H10N1, cuatro H4N6, tres H6N1, tres H11N9 y uno de cada uno de los subtipos H1N1, H6N2, H6N5, H10N9, H11N1. Solo el subtipo H4N6 se detect? durante dos meses consecutivos, Noviembre y Diciembre, del lago Ogawara en la provincia de Aomori. Uno de los sitios de invierno, el lago Izunuma de la provincia de Miyagi, result? negativo para aislamiento viral durante el periodo de este estudio. Durante el periodo de muestreo, la tasa mas alta de aislamiento viral fue en el mes de Diciembre (4.90%) seguido de Noviembre (2.18), Enero (0.91%) y Febrero (0.30%). El aislamiento viral fue negativo para las muestras tomadas durante el mes de Marzo del a?o 2007. Estos resultados sugieren que los virus de influenza aviar son introducidos por los patos golondrinos cuando migran al Jap?n, pero los virus no se mantienen en las parvadas probablemente porque las aves no se aparean durante el invierno. Se estima que estos datos se pueden constituir en una base s?lida para futuros estudios de prevalencia, evoluci?n y ecolog?a del virus de influenza aviar en sitios de invierno, conjuntamente con el papel de los patos golondrinos en la dispersi?n del virus de influenza aviar durante su migraci?n desde el norte de Rusia y Asia, hacia Jap?n.
Abbreviations: AIV = avian influenza virus; cDNA = complementary deoxyribonucleic acid; HA = hemagglutinin; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; HPAI = highly pathogenic avian influenza; LPAI = low pathogenic avian influenza; NA = neuraminidase; NDV = Newcastle disease virus; NI = neuraminidase inhibition; NP = nucleoprotein; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR = reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1637/8035-062507-Reg
<!-- Jahangir A, Watanabe Y, Chinen O, Yamazaki S, Sakai K, et al. (2008) Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Tohoku District, Japan. Avian Diseases: Vol. 52, No. 1 pp. 49–53
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Alam Jahangir, Yuko Watanabe, Omoto Chinen, Shoki Yamazaki, Kouji Sakai, Masashi Okamura, Masayuki Nakamura, and Kazuaki Takehara
Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi 23, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
Abstract
Among winter migratory waterfowl, Northern pintails (Anas acuta), in one of the largest flocks in Tohoku district, northeast Japan, were surveyed for influenza A viruses at five wintering sites in three prefectures, viz., Aomori, Akita, and Miyagi. A total of 38 influenza A viruses were isolated from 2066 fecal samples collected during November 2006 through March 2007. The overall isolation rate was 1.84%. Eleven different subtypes were isolated, including nine H5N2, seven H6N8, seven H10N1, four H4N6, three H6N1, three H11N9, and one each of H1N1, H6N2, H6N5, H10N9, H11N1. Only the H4N6 subtype was detected during two successive months, November and December, from Lake Ogawara of Aomori prefecture. One wintering site, Lake Izunuma of Miyagi prefecture, was negative for virus isolation throughout the study period. During the sampling period, the highest virus isolation rate was in December (4.90%) followed by November (2.18%), January (0.91%), and February (0.30%). Virus isolation was negative for samples collected in March 2007. These results suggest that influenza viruses are introduced by Northern pintail when they migrate into Japan, but the viruses are not maintained in the flocks, most likely because the birds are not breeding during the winter. We believe that this relatively large data set creates a strong foundation for future studies of avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence, evolution, and ecology in wintering sites, along with the role of Northern pintails in the spread of AIV during their migration from northern Russia and Asia to Japan.
Resumen
Vigilancia del virus de influenza aviar en patos golondrinos (Anas acuta) en el distrito Tohoku, Jap?n.
Entre las aves acu?ticas migratorias, los patos golondrinos (Anas acuta), una de las parvadas mas grandes en el distrito de Tohoku al noreste de Jap?n, fueron muestreados para detectar la presencia de influenza A, en cinco sitios de invierno ubicadas en tres provincias: Aomori, Akita y Miyagi. De un total de 2066 muestras de heces tomadas durante el periodo comprendido entre Noviembre del a?o 2006 y Marzo del a?o 2007, se aislaron 38 virus de influenza A. La tasa total de aislamiento fue de 1.84%. Se aislaron once subtipos diferentes, incluyendo nueve H5N2, siete H6N8, siete H10N1, cuatro H4N6, tres H6N1, tres H11N9 y uno de cada uno de los subtipos H1N1, H6N2, H6N5, H10N9, H11N1. Solo el subtipo H4N6 se detect? durante dos meses consecutivos, Noviembre y Diciembre, del lago Ogawara en la provincia de Aomori. Uno de los sitios de invierno, el lago Izunuma de la provincia de Miyagi, result? negativo para aislamiento viral durante el periodo de este estudio. Durante el periodo de muestreo, la tasa mas alta de aislamiento viral fue en el mes de Diciembre (4.90%) seguido de Noviembre (2.18), Enero (0.91%) y Febrero (0.30%). El aislamiento viral fue negativo para las muestras tomadas durante el mes de Marzo del a?o 2007. Estos resultados sugieren que los virus de influenza aviar son introducidos por los patos golondrinos cuando migran al Jap?n, pero los virus no se mantienen en las parvadas probablemente porque las aves no se aparean durante el invierno. Se estima que estos datos se pueden constituir en una base s?lida para futuros estudios de prevalencia, evoluci?n y ecolog?a del virus de influenza aviar en sitios de invierno, conjuntamente con el papel de los patos golondrinos en la dispersi?n del virus de influenza aviar durante su migraci?n desde el norte de Rusia y Asia, hacia Jap?n.
Abbreviations: AIV = avian influenza virus; cDNA = complementary deoxyribonucleic acid; HA = hemagglutinin; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; HPAI = highly pathogenic avian influenza; LPAI = low pathogenic avian influenza; NA = neuraminidase; NDV = Newcastle disease virus; NI = neuraminidase inhibition; NP = nucleoprotein; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR = reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1637/8035-062507-Reg
<!-- Jahangir A, Watanabe Y, Chinen O, Yamazaki S, Sakai K, et al. (2008) Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Tohoku District, Japan. Avian Diseases: Vol. 52, No. 1 pp. 49–53
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