Wickramasinghe NC, Steele E, Wainwright M, Tokoro G, Fernando M, et al. (2017) Sunspot Cycle Minima and Pandemics: The Case
for Vigilance? Astrobiol Outreach 5: 159. doi:10.4172/2332-2519.1000159
Abstract
Direct records of sunspots and the solar cycle have been maintained in astronomical observatories for about
1610 AD, while indirect records derived from 14C analysis of ice cores go back to about 900 AD. Minima in the
sunspot cycle present conditions conducive to the entry or activation of new pathogens and also for mutations of
already circulating bacteria and viruses. Three grand minima of solar activity on record–the Sporer minimum
(1450-1550 AD), Maunder minimum (1650-1700 AD) and the Dalton minimum (1800-1830) have all been marked by
a preponderance of pandemics–Small Pox, English Sweats, Plague and Cholera. The sunspot numbers recorded
for the present period 2002-2017 include the deepest sunspot minimum (Cycle 23-24) since records began, and a
trend to declining numbers throughout the cycle. The same period has seen the resurgence of several pandemics–
SARS, MERS, Zika, Ebola, Influenza A. We consider it prudent to take note of these facts whilst planning future
strategies for pandemic surveillance and control.
