Spain confirms first case of bird flu

[Mellie]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/09300503/H5N1_Novosibirsk_Recombinants_Europe.html

Novosibirsk H5N1 Wild Bird Flu Recombinants from Europe

Recombinomics Commentary
September 30, 2005

Five partial HA sequences from the summer outbreak of H5N1 wild bird flu were deposited at GenBank. Included was a sequence from a health great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus), A/grebe/Novosibirsk/29/05(H5N1), a sick domestic duck, A/duck/Novosibirsk/56/05(H5N1), and three dead chickens (A/chicken/Novosibirsk/64/05(H5N1), A/chicken/Novosibirsk/65/05(H5N1), A/chicken/Novosibirsk/66/05(H5N1)). All five sequences were very similar to each other and the sixteen H5N1 wild bird isolates from dead waterfowl at Qinghai Lake. The deposited sequences cover the highly pathogenic HA cleavage site and all sequences in this area were identical.

The highly pathogenic sequence in the healthy great crested grebe demonstrates that highly pathogenic H5N1 is present in asymptomatic wild waterfowl. This is similar to the asymptomatic waterfowl in Vietnam, which harbor high concentrations of highly pathogenic virus that is lethal to humans and chickens, yet produces mild or no ill effects in the waterfowl.

The ability of these wild birds to transport H5N1 over long distances was also support by sequence analysis. Two the polymorphism found in all five Novosibirsk H5N1 isolates, C934T and T940C were not found in other H5N1 isolates, including the H5N1 isolates from Qinghai lake. Instead, the polymorphisms were restricted to H5N2 sequences isolated in chickens and guinea fowl in Italy in 1997 and 1998. The polymorphisms were acquired by recombination, just as the PB2 polymorphisms in the Qinghai lake isolates were acquired from European swine.

The acquisition of these polymorphisms is cited because each acquisition involves more than one polymorphism in a small area. However many of the polymorphism in the wild bird sequences are from Europe, even though the H5N1 sequences, including the highly pathogenic HA cleavage site, and the 20 amino acid deletion of NA are exclusively found in Asia.

The recombinant sequences from Europe provide more evidence showing that the polymorphism are carried by wild birds. Dual infections by flu from Europe and flu from Asia lead to these recombinants with mixtures of polymorphisms. The European sequences also indicate the H5N1 will be migrating to Europe this season due to the widespread infections of H5N1 waterfowl in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan.

These birds are now migrating to warmer climates, and transporting highly pathogenic H5N1 into areas where it has not previously been repotted.

http://www.recombinomics.com/phylo/Chen_Qinghai_2006.html



From:
FAO Conference on Avian Iinfluenza and Wild Birds, Italy, 2006
H5N1 Virus Outbreak in Migratory Waterfowl in China

H. Chen

.

 

[Theresa42]

Lost in translation...

Lost in translation...

Just had to share this funny machine-translation of a headline from a Russian article on the bf case from Spain (nothing new in the article so I'm not posting it here)...

Большие поганки принесли в Испанию птичий грипп
http://lenta.ru/news/2006/07/07/flu/

babelfish version:

Large toadstools [!!] brought into Spain the bird influenza

 

[Sharpe]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

I knew it! The Russians have figured it out! It's carried by migratory mushrooms!

 

[Theresa42]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

I knew it! The Russians have figured it out! It's carried by migratory mushrooms!

BIG ones!!

 

[Theresa42]

The OIE report

The OIE report

pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife in Spain

(Disease never reported before in Spain).

Translation of information received on 7 July 2006 from Dr Lucio Ignacio Carbajo Go?i, Deputy Director General of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Madrid:

Report date: 7 July 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 July 2006.

Date of start of the event: 30 June 2006.

An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife has been reported in Salbur?a wetlands, Alava province (Pa?s Vasco) in a great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) that has been found dead.

The diagnosis has been established by the Central Veterinary Laboratory at Algete using RT-PCR(1) and sequence analysis.

The control measures undertaken are:

- zoning: a 3-km-radius protection zone around the outbreak and a 10-km-radius surveillance zone around the outbreak have been established. There are no commercial poultry holdings within this 10-km-radius area;

- within this area, movement of poultry, other captive birds and their products is prohibited. Any birds gathering and any wild birds game are also under ban;

- screening;

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- surveillance in the natural spaces to detect as soon as possible any mortality in wild birds.

http://www.oie.int/Messages/060707ESP.htm

 

[Sharpe]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

Maybe the crested grebes of the world are only able to sit on the large ones... Mushrooms were covertly transplanted from Lake Qinghai to northern Spain by it's competitor--the mallard duck, and boom, another crested grebe hits the dust!!

 

[HenryN]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

Highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife in Spain​

(Disease never reported before in Spain).
Translation of information received on 7 July 2006 from Dr Lucio Ignacio Carbajo Go?i, Deputy Director General of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Madrid:
Report date: 7 July 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 July 2006.
Date of start of the event: 30 June 2006.
An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife has been reported in Salbur?a wetlands, Alava province (Pa?s Vasco) in a great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) that has been found dead.
The diagnosis has been established by the Central Veterinary Laboratory at Algete using RT-PCR<SUP>(1)</SUP> and sequence analysis.
The control measures undertaken are:
<DIR>- zoning: a 3-km-radius protection zone around the outbreak and a 10-km-radius surveillance zone around the outbreak have been established. There are no commercial poultry holdings within this 10-km-radius area;
- within this area, movement of poultry, other captive birds and their products is prohibited. Any birds gathering and any wild birds game are also under ban;
- screening;
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- surveillance in the natural spaces to detect as soon as possible any mortality in wild birds.
</DIR>(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase ? polymerase chain reaction
**********************
OIE Animal Health Information Department
information.dept@oie.int

http://www.oie.int/Messages/060707ESP.htm

 

[Theresa42]

Podiceps cristatus

Podiceps cristatus

The OIE report says the grebe in question was a Podiceps cristatus. According to Wikipedia, Podiceps cristatus does migrate:

It breeds in vegetated areas of freshwater lakes across Europe and Asia. It is resident in the milder west of its range, but migrates from the colder regions. It winters on freshwater lakes and reservoirs or the coast.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podiceps_cristatus

 

[Theresa42]

From BirdLife.org...

From BirdLife.org...

From the bird huggers (don't worry -- I love birds, too! And even the bird huggers.)...

Spanish H5N1 grebe unlikely to be from Africa
07-07-2006

Spain confirmed its first case of the highly pathogenic form of avian influenza H5N1 today. A dead Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus found at Salburua Lake near the city of Vitoria in the Basque country of northern Spain tested positive for the deadly virus.

"There are some puzzling questions aspects to this case, and we hope that ornithologists will be allowed to examine the corpse for clues," said Dr Richard Thomas of BirdLife International. "Too often, invaluable information as to the source of the virus in wild birds has been wasted because appropriate experts have not been called in."

For example, correct identification of the species involved is vital; earlier this year, a dead Whooper Swan in the UK was incorrectly identified as a resident species (a Mute Swan).

If it is a Great Crested Grebe, then determining the subspecies involved is essential: birds from sub-Saharan Africa are subtly different from those found in Europe, and have never been recorded north of the Sahara. Even a North African origin is highly unlikely: only a handful of Great Crested Grebes nest there. [So, there are Great Crested Grebes in Africa ... that *might* have made it to northern Spain. Or, there could just be other migratory birds in the area that brought the virus into Spain from Africa ... or wherever.]

Another vital clue is the age of the affected bird: if it was hatched in 2006, it indicates a local source of infection. Young grebes will only just have fledged and Great Crested Grebes are not migrating in early July. Indeed, birds in northern Spain are regarded as sedentary.

However, some reports indicate the corpse was found six weeks ago: if true, then the bird must have been died sometime in May. "Perhaps the most likely explanation is that it was one of the scattering of wild birds killed by H5N1 this spring in Europe-possibly a bird that wintered in an affected part of the Mediterranean," Thomas added.

In February, a lorry load of 21 tonnes of illegally imported Chinese poultry meat was confiscated in Benidorm making it only a matter of time before H5N1 was reported in Spain unless the imports were prevented.

"Perhaps H5N1 arrived in Spain the same way it got into Africa: in imported chicken products," said Thomas. "But even if it was smuggled in, it's difficult to see how it could have ended up in a grebe [yes, indeed]: it would be useful to know the circumstances under which the bird was discovered."

http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/07/grebe.html

 

[Sharpe]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

At first I was like, "WHO IS THIS GUY!?", and then I checked again, and it was Birdlife International. Now I'm not surprised. So, whatever. I love birds too, but I don't have my head in the sand.

 

[sharon sanders]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

Babelfish

Experts in microbiology request "tranquillity", to the being a time of "low migratory flows" They insist on the necessity to vaccinate the domestic birds to prevent and to cut the chain of contagios International experts coicidieron today in Madrid, within the framework of II the European Congress of Microbiology, when affirming that he must prioritize "the caution and the tranquillity" before the registered case of bird influenza in a bird found in the province of Álava, because is a time of "low migratory flows". In particular, doctor Albert Osterhaus, of the Medical Center Erasmo de Rotterdam (Holland), indicated to Europe Press that is due to have "tranquillity" before the pathogenicity degree, since at times of low migratory flows it is "more difficult that cases of highly patogénica bird influenza occur". For that reason, the calm would be due to maintain since the virus of low pathogenicity to a lesser extent affects the birds of their surroundings and "he is not transmissible to the human being". In addition, doctor Osterhaus insisted on the necessity to have "caution" with the transmission to humans and not to create "an unnecessary alert" before a case that could not revert no consequence of gravity. In this sense, the president del organizing committee del Congress and ex- president of CSIC, Caesar Nombela, assured that it is due to trust "the system of monitoring" of Spain, and in the acquired studies that allow "to control possible cases". In this sense, both experts confirmed that in case of being a highly patogénico case established protocols of performance exist that would include the boundary of the zone in a radius stipulated according to the geographic surroundings, and that later would be due "to sacrifice all the domestic birds" of the surroundings. The KEY IS IN the VACCINATION OF the DOMESTIC BIRDS Before this problem, doctor Osterhaus indicated that the key to control the bird virus is in the vaccination of the domestic birds, taking the suitable measures "so that this one is effective". For that reason, whereas in some countries it is not carried out correctly continues being "a constant transmission" that originates an endemic center. In particular, it emphasized that in countries as Vietnam certain vaccines settled down that even palliated the possible transmissions to humans. Nevertheless, in other countries as Indonesia these controls are not applied, and they continue occurring to cases of "ill birds and transmission humans". In the same sense, doctor Adolph Garci'a Tailor, of the Hospital Mount Sinaí of New York (the United States) indicated to Europe Press that the problem is the cycle that has adapted the virus "between I infect between wild birds and domestic birds". For that reason, it affirmed that the transmission of the virus is "more difficult" between wild birds, and in fact usually they do not occur cases of high pathogenicity. Nevertheless, in the poultries I infect always is faster since they are "an a nearer others" to transmit the virus. For that reason, if by means of the vaccinations in domestic birds a part of the circle of contagios could be annulled "", it would be possible to be arrived at a definitive eradication of the problem.




http://www.gripeaviaria.com.ar/verarticulo/Expertos_en_microbiologia_piden_%22tranquilidad%22%2C_al_ser_una_epoca_de_%22bajos_flujos_migratorios%22.html

 

[Sharpe]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

Pictures of Salburua:
http://img472.imageshack.us/img472/8800/sinttulo136rq.jpg
http://madre.ojodigital.net/albums/madre_pics/normal_Salburua Nevando13.jpg

http://www.euroresidentes.com/Blogs/2006/07/first-case-of-bird-flu-in-spain.html
Friday, July 07, 2006
First case of bird flu in Spain

Government confirms first case of bird flu in Spain

Contrary to the first declarations made by the Basque Government, Spain's Vice President, María Teresa Fernandez de la Vega confirmed this morning that the bird found dead in Alava this week died from the bird flu virus H5N1. The bird was found in wetlands in Salburua in Avala in the Basque Country.

De la Vega appealed for calm, promised that the government would be totally transparent in any news related to the details of this first case of bird flu and assured the press that the emergency plan had been activated. An protection area has been set up in a 3-km. radius of around Salburua and all transport of wild and domestic fowl has been forbidden within a 10-km. radius.

 

[Mellie]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

Большие поганки принесли в Испанию птичий грипп
http://lenta.ru/news/2006/07/07/flu/

babelfish version:

Large toadstools [!!] brought into Spain the bird influenza

Somehow I parced that as large toad stools. Must be my scatological orientation when it comes to birdflu transmission and marsh environments!
.

 

[Theresa42]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

Somehow I parced that as large toad stools. Must be my scatological orientation when it comes to birdflu transmission and marsh environments!

 

[canagica]

Re: From BirdLife.org...

Re: From BirdLife.org...

From the bird huggers (don't worry -- I love birds, too! And even the bird huggers.)...

Spanish H5N1 grebe unlikely to be from Africa
07-07-2006

If it is a Great Crested Grebe, then determining the subspecies involved is essential: birds from sub-Saharan Africa are subtly different from those found in Europe, and have never been recorded north of the Sahara. Even a North African origin is highly unlikely: only a handful of Great Crested Grebes nest there. [So, there are Great Crested Grebes in Africa ... that *might* have made it to northern Spain. Or, there could just be other migratory birds in the area that brought the virus into Spain from Africa ... or wherever.]


Another vital clue is the age of the affected bird: if it was hatched in 2006, it indicates a local source of infection. Young grebes will only just have fledged and Great Crested Grebes are not migrating in early July. Indeed, birds in northern Spain are regarded as sedentary.

Your comments make this distinction seem like an afterthought. Yet there is importance in this distinction: are Great Crested Grebes carrying the virus from Africa? What sub-species is the bird? What age was the bird? The answers to these questions help guide surveillance and management, and help us understand the risk posed by Great Crested Grebes. "Wherever", on the other hand, is only useful when directing someone where to throw the horseshoes and hand grenades...

Call me crazy, but isn't the goal of understanding the role that wild birds play in the transmission of H5N1 rooted in, well, understanding the role that wild birds play?

It seems odd to pooh-pooh the importance of correctly identifying a bird when the correct identification would significantly affect our understanding of the likely mode and timing of transmission/infection in this individual wild bird. While most people would applaud the recent millions of dollars going towards gaining a better understanding of the when, where and who of migration, how valuable would these data be if we reported everything except for the species we were tracking? Just maybe labeled them "waterfowl", or "migratory ducks"?

I am perfectly willing to agree with the argument that wild birds play a role in the transmission of H5N1; it would be silly not to, given how little we know. However, I think it is at least as silly (perhaps even dangerous) to ignore the role that gathering accurate information about outbreaks plays in shaping our understanding of potential risks. This case in Spain may be one of the most likely to have been transmitted via migratory birds; however, the oft-implicated "migratory flyway" card is often thrown out without hesitation, despite huge gaps in our understanding of who's flying where when, and without consideration of other acknowledged vectors (e.g. poultry trade).

 

[sharon sanders]

Spain - migratory birds a threat

Spain - migratory birds a threat

The Government of Spain believed that migratory birds presented a threat.
Babelfish
June 6, 2006
The Government notices that the risk of the bird influenza will increase after the summer by a new migratory wave Commission Inter-ministerial for Pursuit of Influenza Bird, reunited today in Moncloa, warned that in spite of the diminution of cases of birds infected in the European surroundings, once culminates the summer and a new migratory movement is registered, it will increase the risk of appearance of new cases.
After the encounter, the Ministry of the Presidency emitted an official notice that maintains that "the foreseeable thing is that during the summer the risk of appearance of cases of bird influenza in Europe stays in a low level, that will only return to begin to appear when the summer time finalizes and the migratory movement of birds takes place that return from the north of Europe". In meeting, in that the different departments participated that compose the commission, were analyzed the monitoring mechanisms and the prepared devices to act in case of detection of the virus and reached the conclusion - according to it affirms the same source that all the control mechanisms and performance "stay alert". In that sense it assures that "the coordination systems settled down to guarantee a performance unified and complementary between the Ministry of Health and the Independent Communities". Respect to the control of the bird-raising products that enter the country, the commission informed that from year principles, controls were made in 178.000 containers but "any abnormality related to the bird influenza has not been detected". The Ministry of Agriculture, Fishing and Feeding presented/displayed to the European Commission, for its cofinancing, the measures to compensate to the bird-raising sector by the economic losses that could have suffered by the distrust of the consumers before the possible one I infect of the disease.
http://www.gripeaviaria.com.ar/verarticulo/El_Gobierno_advierte_que_el_riesgo_de_la_gripe_aviar_aumentara_tras_el_verano_por_una_nueva_ola_migratoria.html

 

[Theresa42]

Re: From BirdLife.org...

Re: From BirdLife.org...

Your comments make this distinction seem like an afterthought. Yet there is importance in this distinction: are Great Crested Grebes carrying the virus from Africa? What sub-species is the bird? What age was the bird? The answers to these questions help guide surveillance and management, and help us understand the risk posed by Great Crested Grebes. "Wherever", on the other hand, is only useful when directing someone where to throw the horseshoes and hand grenades...

Call me crazy, but isn't the goal of understanding the role that wild birds play in the transmission of H5N1 rooted in, well, understanding the role that wild birds play?

It seems odd to pooh-pooh the importance of correctly identifying a bird when the correct identification would significantly affect our understanding of the likely mode and timing of transmission/infection in this individual wild bird. While most people would applaud the recent millions of dollars going towards gaining a better understanding of the when, where and who of migration, how valuable would these data be if we reported everything except for the species we were tracking? Just maybe labeled them "waterfowl", or "migratory ducks"?

I am perfectly willing to agree with the argument that wild birds play a role in the transmission of H5N1; it would be silly not to, given how little we know. However, I think it is at least as silly (perhaps even dangerous) to ignore the role that gathering accurate information about outbreaks plays in shaping our understanding of potential risks. This case in Spain may be one of the most likely to have been transmitted via migratory birds; however, the oft-implicated "migratory flyway" card is often thrown out without hesitation, despite huge gaps in our understanding of who's flying where when, and without consideration of other acknowledged vectors (e.g. poultry trade).

Hi canagica,

Oh no! You misunderstood me entirely! Or, more likely, I didn't make myself clear. I wasn't pooh-pooh-ing the need to identify what sub-species of bird this was at all. I agree entirely -- it's essential to know that! If you look back in this thread, you'll see I was actually trying to work that out understanding that different grebes probably have different migratory behaviors and routes.

No, no -- I really agreed with nearly everything the BirdLife people had to say here -- that's the reason I highlighted the paragraphs that I did (and like I said, I do love BirdLife people, too ). I stopped agreeing when they got to the bit about imported poultry. Maaaaybe -- but certainly not from the frozen Chinese chicken mentioned in the article. I'm sure bf is being transported around by the poultry trade -- especially in Asia. How could it not be? And, I was almost ready to believe that that's how it got to Nigeria -- until this week's revelations about bf arriving on (at least) three different occasions there. Sounds like migratory birds again....

I see that my "wherever" comment could've sounded flippant -- but it really wasn't intended to be. I genuinely meant that if the dead crested grebe wasn't a migratory species, maybe it caught H5N1 from another migratory bird who arrived from Africa -- or from somewhere else like another part of Europe. That's all I meant my wherever. Sorry. I should've been clearer.

I whole-heartedly agree. The goal of understanding the role that wild birds play in the transmission of H5N1 is to understand the role that wild birds play in the transmission of H5N1! You're not crazy at all.

Welcome to the board, btw.

 

[AlaskaDenise]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

All my lookups on grebes show they are migratory. However, are they starting to stay put, like the Canada Goose?

If the grebes there have floating nests (like the ones here), I can see it being used as a perch for other migratory birds.

.

 

[sharon sanders]

Re: Spain confirms first case of bird flu

Professor in Microbiology speaks about "determining possible mutations" in this bird(s).
Babelfish:

Professor titular in microbiology chemical and expert in pathogens of University Complutensian of Madrid, Rafael Roetger, declared today that "important" of moment, if is confirmed by part of the European sanitary authorities that the bird found in a humedal of Vitoria supposes the first case of bird influenza in Spain, is "to determine the possible mutations" that virus H5N1 can have to verify "if they are or not same them that have been described already in other virus isolated in Europe". In declarations to Europe Press, Roetger so insisted on which the virus of the influenza to make haste "does not transmit" the man well then, and as it explained, "must be united to receivers". "At the moment, he is not able to be united to those of the mouth, traquea and superior respiratory routes what causes that is very difficult their transmission", it clarified. "a virus considers itself that, at the moment, does not transmit itself between human beings. The greater irrigation is than it could be recombined, that infected an animal that already was infected as well by another virus and that, therefore, yes is able to transmit itself to human beings ", explained. For this reason, it aimed that all the sanitary authorities and all the measures of control must go "focused" to avoid that those virus of wild birds can transmit itself to poultries that could be in favor infected already of another virus. "It is possible that the virus with time is undergoing mutations and finishes adapting to the man but in that would pass more time and, in addition, it is not either foreseeable to know that virulence would have that virus after undergoing mutations", indicated. In which it concerns a possible effective vaccination against the disease, Roetger emphasized that for its elaboration "certain time" is necessary, as well as that "it depends on the risk degree" that is advisable or not its application. "Sometimes he is preferable to sacrifice them or to isolate them", emphasized. "At the moment that appears that virus is when a vaccine will be able to be done. The means exist and some investigators already have designed the possible virus that could infect the man so that perfectly it has prepared itself. The only limitation at the present moment is that the protocol that demands the WHO to prepare human vaccines is slow. It would suppose four months since it is necessary to adapt them to egg cultures ", detailed. Finally, it affected which in the present situation it is necessary "to maintain the control" of the wild birds and the humedales and to establish a perimeter of monitoring for "avoiding at all costs" that one infects the poultries.
http://es.news.yahoo.com/08072006/4/experto-patogenos-senala-mas-importante-determinar-posibles-mutaciones-virus-h5n1.html

 

[sharon sanders]

Containment Measures

Containment Measures

Babelfish:

"Andalusia counts on sufficient mechanisms to avoid an epidemic by influenza to make haste", in opinion of the director of the reserve and equipment recovery center of species of the Gorge of the Pajaros, Placid Rodriguez, who directs east natural space pertaining to the Sevillian municipality of Puebla of the River, to few kilometers of the National Park of Do?ana. The taken measures continue being the same ones that from the last autumn;(last Autumn?) that is to say, the domestic animals continue locked up, the animals of the interior of the facilities have been vaccinated and they are continued taking samples in the humedales.

Therefore, the people in charge of the reserve insist in which "measuring cannot be taken more; on that already they are counted and the equipment of existing monitoring we are more than covered ". In declarations to Europe Press Television, the director of the installation and biologist, Placid Stopped Rodriguez, it emphasized that "the greater danger does not come from the birds migratosias of Africa or Europe, but that badly can come by foods that do not happen through health as it happened with foods of China". A enough event "frequents", according to assured the Stopped Rodriguez. In the same way, it insisted on which "although it is logical that they appear some cases, but of there to that is an epidemic or happens to the human being there is an abyss". Therefore, from the center of the Gorge of the Pajaros a call to the calm becomes so that the hysteria in the population does not spread "that takes to too drastic measures". In addition, the director of the Gorge indicated that the circumstances that occur in other countries for I infect do not have capacity in Spain, since "neither he lives himself so closely with the animals nor are amassed". The facilities for the recovery of birds and young of threatened species the Gorge of the Pajaros is within the demarcation of Puebla of the River (Seville) to less than ten kilometers of the National Park of Do?ana and that counts on 7.5 hectares of land in which they meet to the year more than one hundred European species and 25 outsiders, as much migratory as in captivity.

http://es.news.yahoo.com/08072006/4/gripe-biologos-admiten-andalucia-pueda-sufrir-casos-gripe-aviar-descartan.html