Ronan Kelly
Retired 2020
2011 thread: http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=166284
Surveillance
Influenza surveillance report - South Africa
Report compiled on 22 May 2012
Influenza surveillance programmes:
The data presented in this report are generated from three influenza surveillance programmes: the Viral Watch [influenza-like illness(ILI)], Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) and the respiratory consultations and hospitalisations surveillance system.
The Viral Watch is a sentinel influenza surveillance programme started in 1984 in Gauteng and expanded from 2005 onward to include all 9 provinces in South Africa. The majority (90%) of the sentinel sites are general practitioners. Respiratory specimens (throat or nasal swabs) are collected from patients of all ages meeting the ILI case definition which is an acute respiratory illness with a measured temperature of ≥ 38 ˚C and cough, with onset within the past 7 days prior to consultation. Specimens are tested for the presence of influenza and other respiratory viruses by RT-PCR.
The Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) surveillance program is a prospective sentinel hospital-based surveillance program. It was established in 2009 and is currently conducted at 5 sentinel sites (public hospitals) in 4 provinces of South Africa. Hospitalised patients meeting the surveillance case definition of acute respiratory illness are prospectively enrolled. Clinical and epidemiologic data are collected using standardized questionnaires. Information on in-hospital management and outcome is collected. Upper respiratory tract samples (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs in cases ≥5 years old or nasopharyngeal aspirate in cases < 5 years of age) are tested for the presence of influenza and other respiratory viruses using RT reverse transcriptase PCR.
The respiratory consultations and hospitalisations surveillance system collects anonymous influenza and pneumonia associated outpatient consultations and hospitalisations data from one private hospital group in 7 provinces (Gauteng, North West, Free State, Mpumalanga, Eastern and Western Cape and KwaZulu- Natal). These data on the number of consultations and hospitalisations are compared to the influenza season as described by the viral watch and SARI programmes.
Comment:
The 2012 influenza season has not started as yet, though sporadic influenza detections are being made.
This year to date (week 19, ending 13 May), 1726 patients with SARI have been enrolled at the 5 sentinel sites, and one influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and nine influenza B were detected from patients in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal.
Three hundred and two specimens have been received from Viral Watch sites in this time period, and influenza A (unsubtyped) was detected in one patient, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in one patient, influenza A(H3N2) in six, and influenza B in 16 patients. Seven of these patients were known to have travelled to the northern hemisphere.
Please note that these data are from sentinel sites and reflect trends in the areas with participating sites. Numbers reported reflect numbers of patients enrolled into the surveillance programmes and do not reflect total numbers of patients in the community.
Figure 1. Number of positive samples* by influenza types and subtypes and detection rate by week
Table 1. Cumulative number of identified influenza types and subtypes and total number of samples collected by hospital
Hospital / B / A unsubtyped / A (H1N1) / Pandemic A (H1N1) / A (H3N2) / Total samples
Chris Hani Baragwanath (GP) / 7 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 973
Edendale (KZ) / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 295
Klerksdorp-Tshepong (NW) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 310
Mapulaneng (MP) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 62
Matikwane (MP) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 86
Total: / 9 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1726
*Gauteng (GP), KwaZulu Natal (KZ), North West (NW), Mpumalanga (MP)
...
http://www.nicd.ac.za/?page=seasonal_influenza&id=72
Surveillance
Influenza surveillance report - South Africa
Report compiled on 22 May 2012
Influenza surveillance programmes:
The data presented in this report are generated from three influenza surveillance programmes: the Viral Watch [influenza-like illness(ILI)], Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) and the respiratory consultations and hospitalisations surveillance system.
The Viral Watch is a sentinel influenza surveillance programme started in 1984 in Gauteng and expanded from 2005 onward to include all 9 provinces in South Africa. The majority (90%) of the sentinel sites are general practitioners. Respiratory specimens (throat or nasal swabs) are collected from patients of all ages meeting the ILI case definition which is an acute respiratory illness with a measured temperature of ≥ 38 ˚C and cough, with onset within the past 7 days prior to consultation. Specimens are tested for the presence of influenza and other respiratory viruses by RT-PCR.
The Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) surveillance program is a prospective sentinel hospital-based surveillance program. It was established in 2009 and is currently conducted at 5 sentinel sites (public hospitals) in 4 provinces of South Africa. Hospitalised patients meeting the surveillance case definition of acute respiratory illness are prospectively enrolled. Clinical and epidemiologic data are collected using standardized questionnaires. Information on in-hospital management and outcome is collected. Upper respiratory tract samples (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs in cases ≥5 years old or nasopharyngeal aspirate in cases < 5 years of age) are tested for the presence of influenza and other respiratory viruses using RT reverse transcriptase PCR.
The respiratory consultations and hospitalisations surveillance system collects anonymous influenza and pneumonia associated outpatient consultations and hospitalisations data from one private hospital group in 7 provinces (Gauteng, North West, Free State, Mpumalanga, Eastern and Western Cape and KwaZulu- Natal). These data on the number of consultations and hospitalisations are compared to the influenza season as described by the viral watch and SARI programmes.
Comment:
The 2012 influenza season has not started as yet, though sporadic influenza detections are being made.
This year to date (week 19, ending 13 May), 1726 patients with SARI have been enrolled at the 5 sentinel sites, and one influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and nine influenza B were detected from patients in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal.
Three hundred and two specimens have been received from Viral Watch sites in this time period, and influenza A (unsubtyped) was detected in one patient, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in one patient, influenza A(H3N2) in six, and influenza B in 16 patients. Seven of these patients were known to have travelled to the northern hemisphere.
Please note that these data are from sentinel sites and reflect trends in the areas with participating sites. Numbers reported reflect numbers of patients enrolled into the surveillance programmes and do not reflect total numbers of patients in the community.
Figure 1. Number of positive samples* by influenza types and subtypes and detection rate by week
Table 1. Cumulative number of identified influenza types and subtypes and total number of samples collected by hospital
Hospital / B / A unsubtyped / A (H1N1) / Pandemic A (H1N1) / A (H3N2) / Total samples
Chris Hani Baragwanath (GP) / 7 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 973
Edendale (KZ) / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 295
Klerksdorp-Tshepong (NW) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 310
Mapulaneng (MP) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 62
Matikwane (MP) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 86
Total: / 9 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1726
*Gauteng (GP), KwaZulu Natal (KZ), North West (NW), Mpumalanga (MP)
...
http://www.nicd.ac.za/?page=seasonal_influenza&id=72
