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Current Location: China Veterinary 114>> Culture Technology>> egg laying chickens and laying down the reasons for delay and Countermeasures
2010-2-7 Source: Veterinary 114, editor: Rising Sun
In recent years, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Liaoning and other places to open a lot hen farms reflect the delay and there is no egg production peak, or barely reached a peak egg production will there be a sudden drop. General egg delayed 1 to 2 weeks, individual delay 3 ~ 4 weeks, the peak occurs after the egg drop in the range of 10% to 30%, high up to about 40%, a phenomenon that seriously affected the economy Laying Hens efficiency.
To solve this problem, I visited six provinces and one city of 21 chicken farms and found that open-delayed and egg production decline was due to the following areas:
1, open production reasons for the delay and Countermeasures
(A) the reasons for
1. Weight Control
(1) 6 weeks of age, underweight, poor uniformity. Many poultry farmers have committed the same mistake was made in the brooding period will only consider the number of feeding or that only consider the use of cage brooding ignore a reasonable stocking density, thus causing some of the chicken feed and water, not war, development slow. Brood after the end of underweight, evenness poor, In addition, some chicken feed, poor quality also contributed to the chicken body weight, another important reason for non-compliance, the result is high survival rate, pass rate is low. It is my suggestion to have a reasonable period of brooding intensity, that is, the first 1 week 30 ~ 40 / m; the first two weeks 25 ~ 30 / m; the first 3 weeks 18 ~ 20 / m; the first 4 to 6 Week 14 ~ 18 / square meter.
(2) The incubation period of uneven weight gain, weight fluctuations in large flocks poor health; growing period required weekly sample weighing 5% ~ 10% (not less than 50 chickens) in order to correctly understand the weight of chickens, order to determine the amount of feed next week. In determining the amount of feed next week, when the children should pay attention to the following aspects: first reference manual, given the amount of feed is generally the amount of manual feed given only a reference implementation should be in accordance with market conditions (ie, the level of feed nutrient and chicken coops temperature, feed equipment, etc.) for adjustment; second issue to consider lagged effects of feed that we feed in the week, after adjustment, 3 weeks after the body weight was shown; third, can not be reduced material.
(3) 15 weeks after the unduly limit the weight of a large chicken. Incubation period of uniformity of layer level, a direct impact on subsequent egg production, which is well known, but if excessive pursuit of uniformity, the production is also a disadvantage. I understand that some farms pay no attention to the uniformity of growing period, blind to the material, coupled with rearing density, poor uniformity caused by the irrational. Identify critical issues, and blind pursuit of uniformity of chickens from one extreme to another extreme. They often grouping, transfer the chicken, and after grouping do not give big chicken feeding, individual farm was found by a private breeder is expected to control weight; pairs of a large number of feeding chicks to flocks in the short term so that the same weight. This 15 weeks ago, such as body weight or less the case of the modest impact on the egg-laying, 15 weeks later, a larger body weight to do so would not have enough nutrition for chickens but not in normal production, while a smaller body weight of chickens due to feeding off fast, although the weight quickly caught up, but due to the increase in this period are mostly fat, too late reproductive system development, would be unable to timely open production, a high degree of uniformity (90%), that is, laying rate is not high.
(4) cis-season opening production of chicken, open production underweight.
2. Illumination
(1) photoperiod (artificial fill light time): China is located in the northern hemisphere, the longest day of natural light is the summer solstice (June 21 or 22 days), the shortest day of the Winter Solstice (December 21 or 22 days). 9 ~ December into the chicken known as "cis-season," rearing stage in a gradual increase in sunshine season, which is conducive to sexual maturity of chicken appeared to open production ahead of schedule. In the 3 ~ June into the chicken known as "reverse season," a progressively shorter incubation period in the season of sunshine, very bad sexual maturation of the layer, in particular, began after 15 weeks of entering into the sexually mature stage, this period shortened if the light on the reproductive system can cause growth retardation, so they requested that starting from the 15-week fill light to satisfy the sexual maturity.
(2) light intensity: the more layers a suitable light intensity is 10 lux, but the chicken coop in the summer the sunny side, natural light intensity high, window 1000 lux, in the middle 400 to 600 lux. According to foreign experts, the chicken during the day on the light intensity is less than 1% of the fill light that is dark, that is during the day 1000 lux illumination, 10 Lux illumination at night failed to exercise any additional stimulus, so rely on yang side of chicken egg to postpone, if the voltage is inadequate, only 5 lux of light intensity, there is no egg laying on the basic peak.
3. Environmental Impact
(1) temperature: Layer growth, production of the ideal temperature of 18 ~ 23 ℃, less than 18 ℃ chicken feed used to maintain the body temperature increase, less than 13 ℃ will affect the growth and development and egg production. When the chicken coop when the temperature is too low, if not increase feed Wei Liang, it will cause a relative shortage of energy, which would delay opening production. Some of the poultry farmers not to increase in winter heating facilities, rely on heat to maintain the flocks Sherwin is very wrong.
(2), humidity and ventilation: 0 ~ 4-week-old laying hens require relative humidity of 60% to 70%, 4 weeks after 50% ~ 60%. Coop level of humidity and temperature and ventilation in the sheds. When a certain Sherwin, the ventilation rate greater discharge more water outside homes and humidity decline; ventilation rate is constant, Sherwin higher water content in the air, and therefore emit more water outside homes and humidity drop. Therefore, the amount of chicken house temperature is too low or inadequate ventilation (winter needs per kilogram of body weight per hour, 1 to 5 cubic meter of ventilation) will cause the discounted higher humidity, litter moisture, over time, or prone to coccidiosis in E. coli and other bacterial diseases, thus affecting the growth and development of laying hens to delay opening production.
(B) Countermeasures
In conclusion, egg-laying hens are many reasons for delay, in practice, must take the weight, light, environment temperature, humidity, ventilation, combined with a comprehensive analysis to find solutions to problems.
(1) the reasonable control of body weight uniformity, an ~ 6 weeks 80%, 6 ~ 8 weeks to 65% ~ 75%, 15 weeks after the flocks into the sexually mature at this time uniformity can be up to 75%, and 78 % ~ 80% is a very good uniformity of chickens.
(2) "against the season" into chickens, 15 weeks later, the number of hours light can not be shortened, the number of sunshine hours are 15 weeks later to keep the illumination time. "Shun Ji," Brood of chickens to open than the standard weight capacity is 50 ~ 80 grams, "reverse Season" brooding higher than the standard 100 to 120 grams.
(3) strengthening light management, and "reverse Season" brood of chickens and chicken coops yang side of the chicken in the artificial fill light, the light intensity should have a 15 lux, in the middle and the nightside to maintain 10 lux.
(4) good insulation and ventilation, the conditions allow longitudinal ventilation should be considered, would solve the summer cooling, ventilation and insulation in winter can also solve the contradiction.
Second, the reasons for laying down and Countermeasures
The sudden drop in egg laying rate, in addition to man-made factors (sudden change materials, electricity, water, temperature, or high or low), is that disease causes. Caused by a sudden drop in egg-laying hens were divided into three broad categories of diseases.
1. Viral sexually transmitted diseases,
Many types of viral diseases such as Newcastle disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, egg drop syndrome, infectious encephalomyelitis and so on. But over the past year or two more bird flu, Newcastle disease (atypical), and infectious bronchitis. The similarities between these three diseases are laying down Guaijiao, there are respiratory symptoms, stool yellow-green, salpingitis, but there are some differences between anatomical changes.
(1) Avian influenza: pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis, or the edge of the red, and accompanied by egg yolk peritonitis, bleeding and there are bean dregs proventriculus nipple-like secretions, at the junction of proventriculus and muscular stomach bleeding.
(2) Atypical Newcastle disease: cecal tonsil hemorrhage, two free connection between the ileum cecum up 2 ~ 3 cm of the lymphoid follicles are bleeding, swelling, bleeding rectal mucosal strip.
(3), infectious bronchitis: in the trachea under 1 / 3 of the junction with bronchial congestion, and by the formation of mucus and mucosal shedding emboli. In addition to piebald kidney kidney IB, there are proventriculus bleeding.
The above three kinds of disease control methods are: do a good job rearing period of immunization procedures require a variety of vaccination, and to track the immune effect, the relevant work done in front. Clinical cases occur, you can use anti-viral drugs with the treatment of respiratory tract disease, such as: mixed with a sense of pioneer drug tyrants + g breath and follow the instructions used in conjunction three days, and then three forest mixture used in conjunction + San Miguel 3 to 5 days, restoration of ovarian and fallopian tube function, resumption of egg laying. Unexpended swollen kidneys with renal mass drug tyrants + ribavirin therapy. Newcastle disease and bronchitis a single infection, Newcastle disease vaccination with ND Ⅳ line 3 to 4 times the amount of drinking water, communication support for emergency vaccination IB H52.
2. Bacterial sexually transmitted diseases
Bacterial disease with infectious coryza and colibacillosis based. Autumn and winter, prone to infectious rhinitis, mainly as a swollen head, snore sound, the nose out of foul-smelling liquid, egg drop, with sulfur levels Tempo + rhinitis treatment did not affect egg production, but also easy to relapse. E. coli disease with colitis, and egg yolk peritonitis mainly the choice of g dysentery pioneers to treat the disease.
3. Mycoplasma disease
Mycoplasma disease is a common disease, the sick chickens early tears, swollen head, Lut nose and nostrils with secretions, air bags with yellow caseous exudate, egg drop. Treatment of asthma can choose Rebar + Chuankening call, follow the instructions used in conjunction 3 to 4 days, does not affect egg production, or can be used alone g gasp pioneer.
In short, in order to avoid laying delayed laying down must be from the management efforts, management is divided into feeding and management and veterinary health management. Strengthening of disinfection can be used interchangeably powerful disinfectant, water-cleaning benefits, iodine excellent; In the meantime, do a good job of immunization, especially bird flu immunization, 10 to 20-day-old 1st vaccination, 110 ~ 115-day-old No. 2 inoculation, 280 ~ 290-day-old the 3rd vaccination. The only way to raise a good chicken, timely opening production, stability and high yield, to play the normal production performance of laying hens to raise chickens efficiency.
http://www.ar114.com.cn/news/2010/2/91327.htm
Current Location: China Veterinary 114>> Culture Technology>> egg laying chickens and laying down the reasons for delay and Countermeasures
2010-2-7 Source: Veterinary 114, editor: Rising Sun
In recent years, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Liaoning and other places to open a lot hen farms reflect the delay and there is no egg production peak, or barely reached a peak egg production will there be a sudden drop. General egg delayed 1 to 2 weeks, individual delay 3 ~ 4 weeks, the peak occurs after the egg drop in the range of 10% to 30%, high up to about 40%, a phenomenon that seriously affected the economy Laying Hens efficiency.
To solve this problem, I visited six provinces and one city of 21 chicken farms and found that open-delayed and egg production decline was due to the following areas:
1, open production reasons for the delay and Countermeasures
(A) the reasons for
1. Weight Control
(1) 6 weeks of age, underweight, poor uniformity. Many poultry farmers have committed the same mistake was made in the brooding period will only consider the number of feeding or that only consider the use of cage brooding ignore a reasonable stocking density, thus causing some of the chicken feed and water, not war, development slow. Brood after the end of underweight, evenness poor, In addition, some chicken feed, poor quality also contributed to the chicken body weight, another important reason for non-compliance, the result is high survival rate, pass rate is low. It is my suggestion to have a reasonable period of brooding intensity, that is, the first 1 week 30 ~ 40 / m; the first two weeks 25 ~ 30 / m; the first 3 weeks 18 ~ 20 / m; the first 4 to 6 Week 14 ~ 18 / square meter.
(2) The incubation period of uneven weight gain, weight fluctuations in large flocks poor health; growing period required weekly sample weighing 5% ~ 10% (not less than 50 chickens) in order to correctly understand the weight of chickens, order to determine the amount of feed next week. In determining the amount of feed next week, when the children should pay attention to the following aspects: first reference manual, given the amount of feed is generally the amount of manual feed given only a reference implementation should be in accordance with market conditions (ie, the level of feed nutrient and chicken coops temperature, feed equipment, etc.) for adjustment; second issue to consider lagged effects of feed that we feed in the week, after adjustment, 3 weeks after the body weight was shown; third, can not be reduced material.
(3) 15 weeks after the unduly limit the weight of a large chicken. Incubation period of uniformity of layer level, a direct impact on subsequent egg production, which is well known, but if excessive pursuit of uniformity, the production is also a disadvantage. I understand that some farms pay no attention to the uniformity of growing period, blind to the material, coupled with rearing density, poor uniformity caused by the irrational. Identify critical issues, and blind pursuit of uniformity of chickens from one extreme to another extreme. They often grouping, transfer the chicken, and after grouping do not give big chicken feeding, individual farm was found by a private breeder is expected to control weight; pairs of a large number of feeding chicks to flocks in the short term so that the same weight. This 15 weeks ago, such as body weight or less the case of the modest impact on the egg-laying, 15 weeks later, a larger body weight to do so would not have enough nutrition for chickens but not in normal production, while a smaller body weight of chickens due to feeding off fast, although the weight quickly caught up, but due to the increase in this period are mostly fat, too late reproductive system development, would be unable to timely open production, a high degree of uniformity (90%), that is, laying rate is not high.
(4) cis-season opening production of chicken, open production underweight.
2. Illumination
(1) photoperiod (artificial fill light time): China is located in the northern hemisphere, the longest day of natural light is the summer solstice (June 21 or 22 days), the shortest day of the Winter Solstice (December 21 or 22 days). 9 ~ December into the chicken known as "cis-season," rearing stage in a gradual increase in sunshine season, which is conducive to sexual maturity of chicken appeared to open production ahead of schedule. In the 3 ~ June into the chicken known as "reverse season," a progressively shorter incubation period in the season of sunshine, very bad sexual maturation of the layer, in particular, began after 15 weeks of entering into the sexually mature stage, this period shortened if the light on the reproductive system can cause growth retardation, so they requested that starting from the 15-week fill light to satisfy the sexual maturity.
(2) light intensity: the more layers a suitable light intensity is 10 lux, but the chicken coop in the summer the sunny side, natural light intensity high, window 1000 lux, in the middle 400 to 600 lux. According to foreign experts, the chicken during the day on the light intensity is less than 1% of the fill light that is dark, that is during the day 1000 lux illumination, 10 Lux illumination at night failed to exercise any additional stimulus, so rely on yang side of chicken egg to postpone, if the voltage is inadequate, only 5 lux of light intensity, there is no egg laying on the basic peak.
3. Environmental Impact
(1) temperature: Layer growth, production of the ideal temperature of 18 ~ 23 ℃, less than 18 ℃ chicken feed used to maintain the body temperature increase, less than 13 ℃ will affect the growth and development and egg production. When the chicken coop when the temperature is too low, if not increase feed Wei Liang, it will cause a relative shortage of energy, which would delay opening production. Some of the poultry farmers not to increase in winter heating facilities, rely on heat to maintain the flocks Sherwin is very wrong.
(2), humidity and ventilation: 0 ~ 4-week-old laying hens require relative humidity of 60% to 70%, 4 weeks after 50% ~ 60%. Coop level of humidity and temperature and ventilation in the sheds. When a certain Sherwin, the ventilation rate greater discharge more water outside homes and humidity decline; ventilation rate is constant, Sherwin higher water content in the air, and therefore emit more water outside homes and humidity drop. Therefore, the amount of chicken house temperature is too low or inadequate ventilation (winter needs per kilogram of body weight per hour, 1 to 5 cubic meter of ventilation) will cause the discounted higher humidity, litter moisture, over time, or prone to coccidiosis in E. coli and other bacterial diseases, thus affecting the growth and development of laying hens to delay opening production.
(B) Countermeasures
In conclusion, egg-laying hens are many reasons for delay, in practice, must take the weight, light, environment temperature, humidity, ventilation, combined with a comprehensive analysis to find solutions to problems.
(1) the reasonable control of body weight uniformity, an ~ 6 weeks 80%, 6 ~ 8 weeks to 65% ~ 75%, 15 weeks after the flocks into the sexually mature at this time uniformity can be up to 75%, and 78 % ~ 80% is a very good uniformity of chickens.
(2) "against the season" into chickens, 15 weeks later, the number of hours light can not be shortened, the number of sunshine hours are 15 weeks later to keep the illumination time. "Shun Ji," Brood of chickens to open than the standard weight capacity is 50 ~ 80 grams, "reverse Season" brooding higher than the standard 100 to 120 grams.
(3) strengthening light management, and "reverse Season" brood of chickens and chicken coops yang side of the chicken in the artificial fill light, the light intensity should have a 15 lux, in the middle and the nightside to maintain 10 lux.
(4) good insulation and ventilation, the conditions allow longitudinal ventilation should be considered, would solve the summer cooling, ventilation and insulation in winter can also solve the contradiction.
Second, the reasons for laying down and Countermeasures
The sudden drop in egg laying rate, in addition to man-made factors (sudden change materials, electricity, water, temperature, or high or low), is that disease causes. Caused by a sudden drop in egg-laying hens were divided into three broad categories of diseases.
1. Viral sexually transmitted diseases,
Many types of viral diseases such as Newcastle disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, egg drop syndrome, infectious encephalomyelitis and so on. But over the past year or two more bird flu, Newcastle disease (atypical), and infectious bronchitis. The similarities between these three diseases are laying down Guaijiao, there are respiratory symptoms, stool yellow-green, salpingitis, but there are some differences between anatomical changes.
(1) Avian influenza: pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis, or the edge of the red, and accompanied by egg yolk peritonitis, bleeding and there are bean dregs proventriculus nipple-like secretions, at the junction of proventriculus and muscular stomach bleeding.
(2) Atypical Newcastle disease: cecal tonsil hemorrhage, two free connection between the ileum cecum up 2 ~ 3 cm of the lymphoid follicles are bleeding, swelling, bleeding rectal mucosal strip.
(3), infectious bronchitis: in the trachea under 1 / 3 of the junction with bronchial congestion, and by the formation of mucus and mucosal shedding emboli. In addition to piebald kidney kidney IB, there are proventriculus bleeding.
The above three kinds of disease control methods are: do a good job rearing period of immunization procedures require a variety of vaccination, and to track the immune effect, the relevant work done in front. Clinical cases occur, you can use anti-viral drugs with the treatment of respiratory tract disease, such as: mixed with a sense of pioneer drug tyrants + g breath and follow the instructions used in conjunction three days, and then three forest mixture used in conjunction + San Miguel 3 to 5 days, restoration of ovarian and fallopian tube function, resumption of egg laying. Unexpended swollen kidneys with renal mass drug tyrants + ribavirin therapy. Newcastle disease and bronchitis a single infection, Newcastle disease vaccination with ND Ⅳ line 3 to 4 times the amount of drinking water, communication support for emergency vaccination IB H52.
2. Bacterial sexually transmitted diseases
Bacterial disease with infectious coryza and colibacillosis based. Autumn and winter, prone to infectious rhinitis, mainly as a swollen head, snore sound, the nose out of foul-smelling liquid, egg drop, with sulfur levels Tempo + rhinitis treatment did not affect egg production, but also easy to relapse. E. coli disease with colitis, and egg yolk peritonitis mainly the choice of g dysentery pioneers to treat the disease.
3. Mycoplasma disease
Mycoplasma disease is a common disease, the sick chickens early tears, swollen head, Lut nose and nostrils with secretions, air bags with yellow caseous exudate, egg drop. Treatment of asthma can choose Rebar + Chuankening call, follow the instructions used in conjunction 3 to 4 days, does not affect egg production, or can be used alone g gasp pioneer.
In short, in order to avoid laying delayed laying down must be from the management efforts, management is divided into feeding and management and veterinary health management. Strengthening of disinfection can be used interchangeably powerful disinfectant, water-cleaning benefits, iodine excellent; In the meantime, do a good job of immunization, especially bird flu immunization, 10 to 20-day-old 1st vaccination, 110 ~ 115-day-old No. 2 inoculation, 280 ~ 290-day-old the 3rd vaccination. The only way to raise a good chicken, timely opening production, stability and high yield, to play the normal production performance of laying hens to raise chickens efficiency.
http://www.ar114.com.cn/news/2010/2/91327.htm