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Sierra Leone: Dozens of deaths of Lassa fever

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Senior Moderator
Hat-tip Pathfinder.

http://www.romandie.com/ats/news/100927144320.ijt4nq4y.asp

Epidemic outbreak of Lassa fever in Sierra Leone: two dead
FREETOWN - An outbreak of Lassa fever, hemorrhagic fever common in several countries in West Africa, emerged in Sierra Leone where it has already caused two deaths, officials said Monday the health of Sierra Leone.

A 45 year old woman and her six year old son died in a private hospital in the city of Kameni (north), said Dr. Yankum Bah, a manager of health services in this region.

"After laboratory tests, we concluded that [they] died of Lassa fever," he said.

Seven other people are suffering from fever, including three in serious condition.

The rat is the cause of Lassa fever (named after a Nigerian city where she appeared for the first time in 1969). The virus is then transmitted between humans via direct contact with blood, urine or other body fluids of an infected person.

"We asked people not to eat rats," whose meat is commonly consumed in northern Sierra Leone, said another senior health services in this part of the country, Percy Blango.

The first clinical signs (fever, vomiting, abdominal pain) are common to other diseases such as malaria, dysentery and yellow fever, and make it difficult to diagnose the disease at an early stage.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 300,000 to 500,000 people are affected each year by the fever in West Africa, including about 5,000 die.

Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, but [affects] several other key countries, including Senegal.

(© AFP / September 27, 2010 4:43 p.m.)


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Re: Sierra Leone: Dozens of deaths of Lassa fever

Re: Sierra Leone: Dozens of deaths of Lassa fever

machinetranslated

Lassa fever: DOZENS OF DEATHS IN THE EAST AND NORTH OF THE COUNTRY

At least 45 people died in Sierra Leone since the beginning of the year because of Lassa fever. He told the Head of Disease Control Ministry of Health, Foday Dafa, stating that in the same period 152 cases of the same other hemorrhagic fever were confirmed in the country. According to health authorities, the disease, whose epicenter was located in forest areas east of the country, then moved into the northern area, recording a number of cases in the city of Makeni.

An official of the Ministry of Health said that patients respond well to emergency treatment designed to reduce the spread of disease. Lassa fever is part of the viral haemorrhagic fevers (FEV) and takes its name from the Nigerian city where, in 1969, two missionary nurses died from this disease, so far unknown. Transmitted by a virus spread mainly in Africa, which has its main reservoir in rodents Mastomys, 80% of cases of Lassa fever is a disease of mild or even asymptomatic but can present as severe systemic disease in the remaining 20%.

Unlike other hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever onset is gradual and the incubation period can be up to 3 weeks (compared to an average of 1-9 days for the other). The overall case fatality rate is less than 1%, while it rises to 15-20% in untreated cases.

MISNA
 
Re: Sierra Leone: Dozens of deaths of Lassa fever

<TABLE id=apex_layout_271110100662109808 class=formlayout border=0 summary=""><TBODY><TR><TD noWrap align=right>Archive Number</TD><TD noWrap align=left>20101017.3770</TD></TR><TR><TD noWrap align=right>Published Date</TD><TD noWrap align=left>17-OCT-2010</TD></TR><TR><TD noWrap align=right>Subject</TD><TD noWrap align=left>PRO/AH/EDR> Lassa fever - Sierra Leone (03): (NO)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

LASSA FEVER - SIERRA LEONE (03): (NORTHERN)
*******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Sun 17 Oct 2010
From: Daniel Bausch <dbausch@tulane.edu>


re: Lassa fever -- Sierra Leone (02): (NO) 20101008.3662
--------------------------------------------------------
We are writing to provide further information regarding the recent postings
on Lassa fever in Sierra Leone:

1. The index case was a 17 year old pregnant woman who delivered at 28
weeks gestational age. Both she and the baby (not a 6 year old) died.
Although she and her family occasionally caught and consumed rodents, there
is no history of her running a "rat meat restaurant".

2. In all, there were 35 identified contacts of this woman and child, but
only 4 developed Lassa fever. All had direct contact with the index case or
secondary cases, and all 4 survived. We have not identified any more cases,
and, since the time from the last known contact of any of the confirmed
cases has now exceeded the 3-week maximum incubation period for Lassa
fever, we do not anticipate more cases related to this particular chain of
transmission.

3. Whether "the disease has migrated from the forest region of the east to
the savannah grasslands of the north" is a very open question. The index
case denied travel to the known endemic area in the east, but it is always
possible that the infection resulted from unrecognized contact from an
infected person coming from the east to her village in Bombali District.
Our zoology team is presently trapping rodents in the home and village of
the index case. Identification of Lassa virus-positive _Mastomys
natalensis_ would confirm the notion that the endemic area has expanded.
However, it should be noted that suspected cases of Lassa fever have been
reported from this area before, but laboratory facilities were not
available at the time to confirm them.

4. There has indeed been a significant increase in reported cases of Lassa
fever in Sierra Leone over the last 9 months or so. However, this
observation largely coincides with the implementation of Sierra Leone's new
policy of providing free care to children under 5 and pregnant and
lactating mothers (<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8645968.stm>). The numbers
of patients seen in hospitals and health clinics sky-rocketed, driving
upward the perceived incidence of virtually every disease that affects
these groups, including Lassa fever. Whether the observed increase in cases
of Lassa fever is purely reflective of the change in policy or also has
concomitant biological determinants is unknown. It should also be noted
that, for reasons unknown, there is significant seasonal and yearly
fluctuation in the incidence of Lassa fever.

--
communicated by:
Foday Dafae, MD
National Disease Surveillance Coordinator, Sierra Leone
Ministry of Health and Sanitation
James Bangura
Lassa Fever Surveillance Coordinator, Eastern Province,
Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation
Daniel Bausch, MD, MPH&TM
Director, Tulane University Research and Training Program in the Mano River
Union Countries of West Africa

[ProMED-mail thanks Daniel Bausch and colleagues for these valuable
first-hand observations on the Lassa fever situation in the Northern region
of Sierra Leone, and for correcting some aspects of the previous report.

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Sierra Leone is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0bj5>. - Mod.CP]

[see also:
Lassa fever - Sierra Leone (02): (NO) 20101008.3662
Lassa fever - Sierra Leone: (NO) 20101001.3555
Lassa fever - Nigeria: (KE) 20100519.1656
2009
---
Lassa fever, predictive maps - West Africa 20090428.1605
Lassa fever - Nigeria (07) 20090319.1108
Lassa fever - UK ex Mali (02): fatal 20090313.1036
Lassa fever - Nigeria (06) 20090309.0981
Lassa fever - Nigeria (05) 20090308.0971
Lassa fever - Nigeria (04): control 20090306.0937
Lassa fever - Nigeria (03) 20090305.0913
Lassa fever - Nigeria (02) 20090225.0788
Lassa fever - UK ex Mali: fatal 20090219.0692
Lassa fever - Nigeria 20090218.0669
Lassa fever - UK ex Nigeria (03): fatal 20090130.0414
Lassa fever - UK ex Nigeria (02) 20090124.0308
Lassa fever - UK ex Nigeria 20090123.0296]

.....................cp/msp/sh

...
http://www.promedmail.org/pls/apex/..._BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,85364
 
Re: Sierra Leone: Dozens of deaths of Lassa fever

Source: http://www.google.com/hostednews/af...ocId=CNG.c475d315dd94dc3d274371ac27c49236.261

SAfrican dies in Lassa Fever outbreak in S.Leone
(AFP) ? 11 hours ago

FREETOWN ? A South African civil engineer has become the third fatal victim of an outbreak of Lassa Fever in northern Sierra Leone, a health ministry official said Thursday.

While the acute viral haemorrhagic fever causes some 5,000 deaths annually in west Africa, according to World Health Organisation figures, it has usually only affected the eastern part of Sierra Leone and the outbreak has sparked fears it may be spreading...
 
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