tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 Sep 24. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13371. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Serological surveillance reveals patterns of exposure to H5 and H7 influenza A viruses in European poultry.[/h] Hillman AE[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Smith RP[SUP]3[/SUP], Batey N[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Verheyen KL[SUP]5[/SUP], Pittman M[SUP]6[/SUP], Brown IH[SUP]3[/SUP], Breed AC[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]7,[/SUP][SUP]8,[/SUP][SUP]9[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. 2 Current address: Ausvet, Fremantle, Australia. 3 Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK. 4 Current address: Veterinary Medicines Directorate, New Haw, Addlestone, UK. 5 Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. 6 European Commission, Directorate for Health and Food Safety, Brussels. 7 Current address: Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra, Australia. 8 School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 9 Epidemiology and One Health Section, Department of Agriculture, Canberra, Australia.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Influenza A viruses of H5 and H7 subtype in poultry can circulate subclinically, and subsequently mutate from low to high pathogenicity with potentially devastating economic and welfare consequences. European Union Member States undertake surveillance of commercial and backyard poultry for early detection and control of subclinical H5 and H7 influenza A infection. This surveillance has moved towards a risk-based sampling approach in recent years; however quantitative measures of relative risk associated with risk factors utilised in this approach are necessary for optimisation. This study describes serosurveillance for H5 and H7 influenza A in domestic and commercial poultry undertaken in the European Union from 2004 to 2010, where a random sampling and thus representative approach to serosurveillance was undertaken. Using these representative data, this study measured relative risk of seropositivity across poultry categories and spatially across the EU. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Domestic waterfowl, game birds, fattening turkeys, ratites, backyard poultry and the "other" poultry category holdings had relatively increased probability of H5 and/or H7 influenza A seropositivity, compared to laying-hen holdings. Amongst laying-hen holdings, free-range rearing was associated with increased probability of H7 seropositivity. Spatial analyses detected 'hotspots' for H5 influenza A seropositivity in western France and England, and H7 influenza A seropositivity in Italy and Belgium, which may be explained by the demographics and distribution of poultry categories. Findings suggest certain poultry category holdings are at increased risk of subclinical H5 and/or H7 influenza A circulation, and free-range rearing increases the likelihood of exposure to H7 influenza A. These findings may be used in further refining risk-based surveillance strategies, and prioritising management strategies in influenza A outbreaks.
? 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Avian; bird; influenza; poultry; risk; serosurveillance; virus
PMID: 31549792 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13371
[h=1]Serological surveillance reveals patterns of exposure to H5 and H7 influenza A viruses in European poultry.[/h] Hillman AE[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Smith RP[SUP]3[/SUP], Batey N[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Verheyen KL[SUP]5[/SUP], Pittman M[SUP]6[/SUP], Brown IH[SUP]3[/SUP], Breed AC[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]7,[/SUP][SUP]8,[/SUP][SUP]9[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. 2 Current address: Ausvet, Fremantle, Australia. 3 Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK. 4 Current address: Veterinary Medicines Directorate, New Haw, Addlestone, UK. 5 Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. 6 European Commission, Directorate for Health and Food Safety, Brussels. 7 Current address: Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra, Australia. 8 School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 9 Epidemiology and One Health Section, Department of Agriculture, Canberra, Australia.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Influenza A viruses of H5 and H7 subtype in poultry can circulate subclinically, and subsequently mutate from low to high pathogenicity with potentially devastating economic and welfare consequences. European Union Member States undertake surveillance of commercial and backyard poultry for early detection and control of subclinical H5 and H7 influenza A infection. This surveillance has moved towards a risk-based sampling approach in recent years; however quantitative measures of relative risk associated with risk factors utilised in this approach are necessary for optimisation. This study describes serosurveillance for H5 and H7 influenza A in domestic and commercial poultry undertaken in the European Union from 2004 to 2010, where a random sampling and thus representative approach to serosurveillance was undertaken. Using these representative data, this study measured relative risk of seropositivity across poultry categories and spatially across the EU. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Domestic waterfowl, game birds, fattening turkeys, ratites, backyard poultry and the "other" poultry category holdings had relatively increased probability of H5 and/or H7 influenza A seropositivity, compared to laying-hen holdings. Amongst laying-hen holdings, free-range rearing was associated with increased probability of H7 seropositivity. Spatial analyses detected 'hotspots' for H5 influenza A seropositivity in western France and England, and H7 influenza A seropositivity in Italy and Belgium, which may be explained by the demographics and distribution of poultry categories. Findings suggest certain poultry category holdings are at increased risk of subclinical H5 and/or H7 influenza A circulation, and free-range rearing increases the likelihood of exposure to H7 influenza A. These findings may be used in further refining risk-based surveillance strategies, and prioritising management strategies in influenza A outbreaks.
? 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Avian; bird; influenza; poultry; risk; serosurveillance; virus
PMID: 31549792 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13371