Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

[tropical]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

#319:
"They have been admitted to the Princess Margaret Hospital in stable condition.

Two of the four specimens taken from them showed positive result for influenza A (H1)."


Seems that A1H1 realy gained more toughness if these folks must be admitted to the hospital.

 

[Giuseppe]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

#319:
"They have been admitted to the Princess Margaret Hospital in stable condition.

Two of the four specimens taken from them showed positive result for influenza A (H1)."


Seems that A1H1 realy gained more toughness if these folks must be admitted to the hospital.

Last year some people (most young) were admitted at HK hospitals even with serious complications such as encephalitis, miocarditis, pneumonia, etc.

Readers may found further information in archived HK epi-surveillance.

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

USA. Tougher flu virus hits Jefferson County - al.com

James and Diana Noah, two influenza scientists at Southern Research Institute, said it is not unusual for flu viruses to develop resistance to antiviral drugs such as Tamiflu. A flu virus has a natural tendency to mutate quickly.

"When it reproduces it inherently includes mistakes that in some cases cause the virus to die, but in very few cases will grant a selective benefit to the virus," he said. "This is called selective pressure.

"So when a drug is applied, a virus begins churning out genetic mutations until it finds a way to replicate in the presence of the drug.

Diana Noah noted that overprescribing an antiviral drug worsens the problem, and Tamiflu has been used in large quantities in Asia in recent years to prevent or treat influenza.

"The result is you are constantly pressuring the virus, so it makes the changes," she said.

E-mail: dparks@bhamnews.com
-
​

<CITE cite=http://www.al.com/health-fitness/birminghamnews/index.ssf?/base/living/1232961340304380.xml&coll=2>Tougher flu virus hits Jefferson County - al.com</CITE>

The above has NOTHING to do with the recent emergence of H274Y Tamiflu resistance.

 

[tropical]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

Last year some people (most young) were admitted at HK hospitals even with serious complications such as encephalitis, miocarditis, pneumonia, etc.

Readers may found further information in archived HK epi-surveillance.

More recent other news from UK with multi-strain pneumonia can't be so much usual.
UK: Pneumonia hits hospital in Suffolk
http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=92190

Seems to me (maybe I'm wrong) that we take in 2009 to be usual things that 10 years ago was rare.

If we read some public reports (US), ita./... investigation initiatives, and look at the recent "Voyager" (RAI2TV/10.00h/Sunday25.1.), we (can...) doubt about the purity of the air we breath.

Dr. Niman remark (#323) point (as previously stated at FT) at the news text which wrongly linked Tamiflu prescripted to humans versus increasing A1H1 resistance.

So, what's going on, earth wide maverick experiments? :twocents:

 

[Giuseppe]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

ITALY. INFLUENZA, 2008/2009 SEASON. SURVEILLANCE FOR THE INCIDENCE OF INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESS (Data from CIRI updated Jan 28 2009)

Global Trend of Influenza-like Illness (ILI) Morbidity.

Season 2008/2009. Tables and graphs are available in original at web site of the ''Centro Interuniversitario per lo Studio dell'Influenza'' (in Italian) (CIRI)

Data showes influenza-like illnesses incidence among population, based on information collected by family doctors network participants to surveillance activities

Incidence is intended for 1,000 inhabitants and is tabulated according influenza season, surveillance week and class-age.

<table style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: right;">From TABLES</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: right;">From TABLES</td></tr></tbody></table>

UPDATED AT 28-01-2009 11:05:19 GMT+1


[WEEK / Participant Family Doctors / Outpatients / CASES / 0-4 / 5-14 / 15-65 / +65 / Totale Incidence]

2008-42 - 392 - 511634 - 141 - 0,59 - 0,2 - 0,3 - 0,16 - 0,28
2008-43 - 386 - 509332 - 133 - 0,57 - 0,4 - 0,25 - 0,14 - 0,26
2008-44 - 405 - 535482 - 147 - 0,7 - 0,22 - 0,29 - 0,16 - 0,27
2008-45 - 410 - 538658 - 177 - 0,96 - 0,44 - 0,3 - 0,2 - 0,33
2008-46 - 395 - 517769 - 177 - 0,51 - 0,48 - 0,36 - 0,16 - 0,34
2008-47 - 412 - 542759 - 272 - 1,45 - 0,64 - 0,47 - 0,27 - 0,5
2008-48 - 421 - 555571 - 338 - 1,38 - 0,81 - 0,6 - 0,32 - 0,61
2008-49 - 417 - 551043 - 414 - 2,1 - 1,31 - 0,68 - 0,34 - 0,75
2008-50 - 421 - 555172 - 491 - 2,66 - 1,49 - 0,82 - 0,32 - 0,88
2008-51 - 406 - 536748 - 705 - 3,39 - 2,38 - 1,18 - 0,68 - 1,31
2008-52 - 400 - 530295 - 757 - 3,95 - 2,95 - 1,22 - 0,65 - 1,43
2009-01 - 400 - 529132 - 1371 - 4,85 - 2,78 - 2,73 - 1,5 - 2,59
2009-02 - 420 - 551986 - 2105 - 6,44 - 4,65 - 4,08 - 1,88 - 3,81
2009-03 - 411 - 539762 - 2602 - 11,37 - 8,63 - 4,56 - 1,96 - 4,82
2009-04 - 362 - 477462 - 2947 - 16,73 - 13,09 - 5,27 - 2,14 - 6,17

Influenza-like illness activity continues to rise and the highest value is associated to 0-4 years-old class-age population with an incidence of 16.73x1,000 (1,673 per 100,000). Population in 65+ years-old class-age reports the lowest value (2.14x1,000).
-
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[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1233131066096

Thirty-eight influenza A (H1) specimens have
been tested for anti-viral drug resistance, 37 of these were resistant to oseltamivir and all were sensitive to zanamivir​

and amantadine.

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1233131066096

Thirty-eight influenza A (H1) specimens have
been tested for anti-viral drug resistance, 37 of these were resistant to oseltamivir and all were sensitive to zanamivir​

and amantadine.

Canada:

Fiftyseven
influenza A (H1N1) isolates have been tested and
found to be resistant to oseltamivir.​

​

​

​

​

​

​

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

Seasonal influenza activity in the world

23 January 2009

This summary provides an updated report of seasonal influenza activity for weeks 1-2 of 2009. It does not include reports of avian influenza in humans, which are available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/index.html

Seasonal influenza activity in the world, weeks 1-2 (as of 23 January 2009)
During the weeks 1-2, the level of overall influenza activity in the world increased. In Europe, widespread influenza activity was reported in 13 countries, regional activity in two countries as well as Wales in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, local activity in two countries and sporadic activity in 5 countries and one part of the United Kingdom (Scotland). Eight of the nine countries reporting low influenza intensity are located in the eastern and north-eastern part of Europe. The predominant influenza virus circulating in Europe is influenza A (H3). In Canada, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China and the United States of America overall influenza activity remained relatively low.
Austria: Influenza activity increased from sporadic to regional activity (A).
Belgium: Activity increased from sporadic to widespread (H3).
Bulgaria: Influenza activity has been reported for the first time.
Canada: During week 1, influenza activity in Canada remained low overall with the majority of the influenza surveillance regions still reporting no activity. The majority of influenza virus detections were influenza A viruses; however influenza B detections have slowly increased over the last several weeks.
Denmark: Widespread influenza A H3 activity has been reported.
France: Widespread influenza A H3 activity has been reported. Some influenza B viruses have also been detected.
Germany: Influenza activity has increased from sporadic to regional (H3).
Greece: Influenza activity has increased (H3).
Ireland: Continuing widespread influenza A activity has been reported.
Italy: Widespread influenza activity reported (H3).
Luxembourg: Activity increased from sporadic to widespread (H3).
Netherlands: Widespread influenza activity reported (H3).
Norway: Influenza activity increased from sporadic to widespread (H3).
Poland: Influenza activity has increased (H3).
Portugal: The H3 epidemic has passed its peak (week 52).
Slovenia: Influenza activity increased from sporadic to widespread (H3).
Spain: Influenza activity has increased to widespread (H3).
Sweden: Activity increased to widespread (A).
Switzerland: Activity increased from regional to widespread (H3).
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Regional influenza activity was reported for Wales while activity in England and Ireland was widespread (mainly influenza A H3 detected with low numbers of H1N1 and B). Northern Ireland reported widespread influenza activity (H3).
United States of America: Overall influenza activity in the United States increased slightly compared to previous weeks. The majority of the viruses detected have been influenza A with A(H1N1) predominating.
Sporadic influenza activity was observed in Brazil (A), Cameroon (H1, H3, B), China (H1, H3, B), China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (H1,H3,B), Croatia (H1,H3,B), Czech Republic (H3), Estonia (H1,H3, B), Latvia (H1,H3, B), Mongolia (H1, H3, B), Romania (H1,H3, B), Russian Federation (H1,H3,B), Serbia (H1, H3, B).
Kazakhstan and Turkey reported no activity.

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/update/en/

 

[Giuseppe]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

ITALY. 2008/2009 INFLUENZA SEASON. VIROLOGIC SURVEILLANCE UPDATE (January 29, 2009) [Min. of Health]

VIROLOGIC SURVEILLANCE FOR INFLUENZA

January 29, 2009

Weekly Update 4/09

[Original PDF Document (in Italian) at : LINK. EDITED. Translated by IOH]

This week there is an important update about surveillance activities performed by National Influenza Centre (NIC) for antiviral resistance evaluation of viral isolates.


-- ITALY

During this surveillance week 178 clinical samples have been collected, of these 39 were influenza positive.

Among them, 38 type A viruses have been isolated and / or detected, 18 type A H3, 1 H1, from Padua University.

An additional type B virus has been isolate by Parma University laboratory.

The table below showes virological surveillance results since the start of season (week 46-08) until date (week 4-09).

<table style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: right;">From TABLES</td></tr></tbody></table>

[WEEK: 46 / 47 / 48 / 49 / 50 / 51 / 52 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / TOT POSITIVE SAMPLES ]

- FLU A - 3 - 4 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 10 - 14 - 32 - 43 - 62 - 38 - 221
- A (unsubtyped) - ... - ... - ... - ... - ... - 2 - 2 - 12 - 11 - 10 - 19 - 56
- A/H3N2 - 3 - 4 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 8 - 12 - 20 - 32 - 47 - 18 - 159
- A/H1N1 - ... - ... - ... - ... - ... - ... - ... - ... - ... - 5 - 1 - 6
- FLU B - 0 - 0 - 2 - 0 - 1 - 1 - 0 - 1 - 0 - 0 - 1 - 6
- TOT POSITIVE SAMPLES - 3 - 4 - 6 - 5 - 7 - 11 - 14 - 33 - 43 - 62 - 39 - 227

Note: differences between this report and previous week one are due to further characterization / isolation activities.

-- FROM THE WORLD

- EUROPE

Influenza virus circulation continues to rise. Viruses Type A/H3 are at the moment the predominant strains.

During this week 3029 clinical samples have been collected. Of these 1710, (56%), were influenza positive: 1663 were type A (677 type H3, 37 type H1 and the remaining 949 not yet subtyped).

47 were influenza viruses type B.

Virus isolation and characterization demonstrated that all circulating strains to date were closely related to seasonal influenza vaccine reference strains, with the exception of some influenza B belonging to B/Victoria lineage, not included in this season vaccines.

Further informations are available at:
http://www.eiss.org/index.cgi
http://www.grog.org/

- USA
Influenza virus circulation is increasing.

3544 clinical samples have been collected, and among them 409, (11.5%), were influenza positive.

Of these 44 were type A/H1, 4 A/H3, whereas 298 were type A but not yet subtyped. The remaining 63 were type B.

Further informations at:
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/


FIRST ISOLATION IN ITALY OF INFLUENZA A/(H1N1) VIRUSES RESISTANT TO OSELTAMIVIR (2008/2009 Season).

During last surveillance week, Parma's University detected first FIVE A/(H1N1) influenza virus isolations for this season in Italy.

From the analysis performed by NIC, ALL OF THEM WERE OSELTAMIVIR RESISTANT (IC50 value very high); while resistant to oseltamivir, these viruses remained susceptible to Zanamivir.

Corresponding clinical samples were collected at Parma, during week 03/2009, from three children and two adults respectively.

Among these patients, three received this season influenza vaccine, while none of them were treated with oseltamivir.

Full genetic sequencing is undergoing both for HA and NA gene segments of these isolates.

In other EU Member States A/H1N1 viral strains demonstrated an high level of oseltamivir resistance (more than 97%) as well.

Further informations at (http://ecdc.europa.eu).
-
-----

 

[Giuseppe]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

From post 329:

''ALL OF A/(H1N1) VIRAL SAMPLES ISOLATED SO FAR IN ITALY WERE OSELTAMIVIR RESISTANT (IC50 value very high) [phenotypic test]; while resistant to oseltamivir, these viruses remained susceptible to Zanamivir.
(...)

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

http://www.state.nj.us/health/flu/documents/stats08/flummwr_01.pdf

http://www.state.nj.us/health/flu/documents/stats08/flummwr_02.pdf

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

Preliminary

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</TD><TD width=780 bgColor=#0063c8 height=1><TABLE border=0><TBODY><TR bgColor=white><TD noWrap width=254 bgColor=#0063c8>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Week 4 : 19/01/2009-25/01/2009[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle width=258 bgColor=#0063c8>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=-1][/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD noWrap align=right width=254 bgColor=#0063c8>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=-1], Issue N? 290[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

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The map presents the intensity of influenza activity and the geographical spread as assessed by each of the networks in EISS.

Clicking on the map will, if available, take you through to the national web site. If 'regional' activity is reported, a pop-up text box will appear which describes the activity in greater detail.

Clicking on England and France will provide you with regional data.

<MAP name=area><AREA shape=POLY alt="Northern Ireland" coords=140,289,150,289,153,309,142,312,127,301 href="http://www.cdscni.org.uk/"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Iceland coords=88,61,88,60,83,50,72,50,59,60,56,71,56,95,66,106,79,120,101,118,136,105,136,84,135,69,116,65,105,67 href="http://www.landspitali.is"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Denmark coords=173,161,176,165,171,173,170,180,169,182,163,181,162,176,162,167,161,164,168,160 href="http://www.ssi.dk/sw2796.asp"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Norway coords=332,79,328,90,322,100,314,114,312,120,302,142,296,152,288,153,279,166,257,185,255,238,266,258,282,259,297,245,305,238,310,240,313,240,314,227,322,220,322,213,318,209,322,198,318,188,314,171,318,153,324,148,329,149,331,145,328,137,333,130,333,117,345,89,341,85,347,78 href="http://www.fhi.no"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Norway coords=434,21,423,33,411,25,408,26,406,28,401,27,398,37,400,45,398,53,397,54,390,52,384,57,373,46,364,64,355,62,353,66,354,72,350,74,344,79,316,79,322,68,331,56,343,40,360,26,378,11,394,2,419,5,432,14,429,18 href="http://www.fhi.no"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Sweden coords=371,52,377,60,384,61,390,68,393,82,402,108,390,111,310,239,314,238,315,227,322,221,321,213,318,209,319,206,323,199,319,192,314,171,316,167,316,158,322,151,324,146,329,148,331,145,327,136,334,127,332,117,338,101,345,89,341,84,347,75,353,73,354,69,354,62,359,62,365,63,369,52 href="http://www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/SMItemplates/Article.aspx?id=3021"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Sweden coords=385,118,316,226,310,239,310,255,321,280,324,293,326,307,336,305,339,305,342,300,342,298,341,297,357,291,361,289,366,266,362,247,377,231,377,217,361,200,363,178,373,159,384,144,387,133 href="http://www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/SMItemplates/Article.aspx?id=3021"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Denmark coords=307,260,311,273,305,279,310,286,307,295,308,300,314,293,323,290,326,300,325,310,326,310,319,319,310,319,300,314,288,314,281,311,286,305,281,302,281,296,272,297,273,278,284,278,285,274,294,271 href="http://www.ssi.dk/sw2796.asp"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Scotland coords=195,225,190,222,184,230,182,234,170,232,161,242,160,231,149,235,149,242,141,248,140,258,150,256,152,263,142,267,148,271,144,282,151,288,151,291,156,294,155,302,160,304,170,304,181,295,185,293,189,287,187,279,191,273,191,270,197,259,196,252,180,250,189,240,194,231,196,225 href="http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/scieh/"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Scotland coords=210,199,204,206,202,209,204,217,209,217,210,210,211,206,214,199 href="http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/scieh/"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Finland coords=380,209,379,213,380,216,386,215,388,212,385,209 href="http://www.ktl.fi"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Sweden coords=379,245,379,251,375,256,372,262,373,269,374,276,375,276,377,270,381,263,381,257,385,253,381,252,382,245 href="http://www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/SMItemplates/Article.aspx?id=3021"><AREA onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=England coords=159,307,158,311,157,314,163,314,164,310,164,306,163,306 href="/cgi-files/regional.cgi?year=2009&week=4&region=England"><AREA onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=England coords=190,287,185,291,184,294,182,294,173,302,169,305,171,313,174,317,172,327,170,331,171,333,182,332,197,329,205,328,203,317,200,312,194,306,193,289 href="/cgi-files/regional.cgi?year=2009&week=4&region=England"><AREA onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=England coords=204,328,192,331,182,331,175,333,169,332,167,342,166,353,165,362,178,359,192,358,193,359,209,359,214,361,218,354,221,348,219,344,209,340,206,341,207,330 href="/cgi-files/regional.cgi?year=2009&week=4&region=England"><AREA onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=England coords=213,360,203,359,191,359,190,358,174,359,169,362,165,365,159,363,147,367,141,375,133,378,133,383,142,383,150,380,159,384,163,377,170,380,181,381,200,382,212,377,215,369,210,367 href="/cgi-files/regional.cgi?year=2009&week=4&region=England"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Wales coords=171,328,170,328,168,337,168,344,167,350,165,357,167,362,163,364,158,362,154,358,147,357,144,352,146,348,151,346,156,343,159,336,155,337,152,336,152,333,155,331,155,323,158,324,166,326 href="http://www2.nphs.wales.nhs.uk/icds/page.cfm?pid=507"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Ireland coords=141,287,138,284,126,285,126,290,121,292,123,297,123,300,114,296,107,296,105,306,103,313,108,318,101,328,93,331,95,345,100,348,120,346,127,343,136,344,142,337,145,319,143,312,137,307,136,306,134,307,129,303,128,300,134,293 href="http://www.ndsc.ie"><AREA shape=POLY alt="The Netherlands" coords=272,339,272,338,272,344,271,346,272,348,272,351,267,354,270,358,268,362,268,365,261,368,259,369,261,372,259,379,255,377,249,374,243,372,237,376,230,373,233,368,238,362,239,352,245,345,252,335,264,336 href="http://www.virology.nl/research/influenza.asp"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Belgium coords=258,379,259,379,258,386,262,390,262,393,257,399,256,402,256,407,256,407,253,406,245,400,246,395,242,398,239,396,236,390,232,387,229,383,225,382,223,379,223,375,231,372,237,376,243,372,251,373 href="http://www.iph.fgov.be/flu/"><AREA onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=France coords=223,376,212,378,211,391,195,396,192,401,182,399,181,393,172,394,174,413,164,409,159,405,144,405,138,408,139,422,151,428,153,434,161,435,162,442,168,454,174,453,178,451,179,448,177,444,180,441,192,442,200,448,200,452,217,453,221,450,229,450,236,456,244,454,248,451,252,454,262,451,268,445,272,443,274,431,276,424,280,419,277,416,266,413,261,407,254,407,246,400,246,396,242,400,240,395,235,390,228,383,223,382 href="/cgi-files/regional.cgi?year=2009&week=4&region=France"><AREA onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=France coords=262,452,253,455,248,451,240,455,237,456,230,451,222,450,218,453,208,452,200,452,198,446,192,442,185,441,179,442,176,443,179,448,177,452,170,455,168,453,169,468,167,486,161,499,159,504,168,514,177,516,179,521,187,521,189,520,195,521,198,528,207,528,208,530,212,529,216,529,217,518,229,510,232,513,241,515,251,521,261,517,269,510,273,504,271,502,264,497,265,491,261,485,266,482,267,479,264,473,266,471,262,463,258,465,256,465,257,460,258,456 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shape=POLY alt=Spain coords=58,616,70,616,72,616,70,627,66,627,56,622 href="http://vgripe.isciii.es/gripe/inicio.do"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Portugal coords=69,511,73,513,77,509,79,515,84,516,86,517,91,516,94,515,94,518,99,519,98,521,100,526,99,528,94,530,90,532,86,549,86,555,81,555,79,561,82,562,81,570,78,571,76,576,76,581,78,584,70,590,70,598,65,600,53,598,48,596,33,591,34,587,38,587,44,592,49,594,51,587,54,573,50,570,47,564,51,553,59,542,65,530 href="http://www.dgsaude.pt/"><AREA shape=RECT alt="Portugal (Azores)" coords=2,544,22,559 href="http://www.dgsaude.pt/"><AREA onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=Greece coords=500,525,505,526,505,529,502,531,503,538,501,543,503,548,504,564,502,567,511,581,521,598,528,602,539,604,540,609,546,608,543,618,528,639,518,644,493,652,480,642,453,621,434,594,425,577,421,571,425,569,428,577,431,569,438,553,442,549,446,549,452,543,461,538,472,534,480,531,482,534,494,532,499,531 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coords=423,32,413,26,410,24,405,28,400,28,398,37,400,45,397,53,389,51,385,56,373,45,370,50,375,58,378,61,385,63,392,73,395,92,401,108,433,66,431,62,427,56,420,56,420,46,418,42,421,39 href="http://www.ktl.fi"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Finland coords=432,67,431,75,431,82,442,96,442,114,448,123,454,127,452,134,457,140,388,160,384,157,390,152,403,127,409,111,401,106 href="http://www.ktl.fi"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Finland coords=458,139,464,147,467,152,450,191,452,195,408,218,393,214,391,204,384,159 href="http://www.ktl.fi"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Romania coords=519,483,510,483,503,480,497,483,492,483,486,491,460,493,455,496,450,489,445,482,439,484,435,481,434,476,427,473,417,461,422,459,427,453,431,439,435,430,441,423 href="http://www.cantacuzino.ro"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Romania coords=516,482,520,482,520,466,528,460,528,450,520,450,515,456,513,457,504,447,503,431,488,418,486,410,481,408,473,417,464,423,460,421,441,421,441,424 href="http://www.cantacuzino.ro"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Malta coords=355,644,357,648,357,651,364,649,364,646,360,643 href="http://www.sahha.gov.mt"><AREA shape=POLY alt=Cyprus coords=635,595,626,604,614,607,614,612,607,617,611,624,624,620,629,616,636,611,631,607,639,597><AREA shape=POLY alt=Austria coords=375,419,374,422,379,432,380,435,375,438,373,436,372,438,373,441,372,450,361,458,358,457,352,461,342,460,331,458,327,457,324,453,314,453,311,458,297,453,295,449,294,443,298,443,303,445,308,442,312,445,320,441,326,439,331,441,333,438,330,433,339,424,344,422,348,424,357,415,360,416,363,419,372,418><AREA shape=POLY alt=Croatia coords=406,464,409,472,409,478,408,479,398,476,389,476,379,478,371,476,368,478,377,501,390,518,396,524,387,526,372,521,358,506,341,487,340,478,345,481,351,477,355,478,364,474,364,467,367,466,370,459,372,458,383,465,391,470,400,468 href="http://www.hzjz.hr"><AREA shape=POLY alt="Boznia and Herzegovina" coords=407,478,412,477,414,479,410,490,415,496,414,500,416,503,413,509,405,516,404,524,394,524,378,505,373,494,368,482,369,476,376,478,392,476,400,475><AREA shape=POLY alt=Montenegro coords=413,511,424,527,418,525,416,539,397,525><AREA shape=POLY alt=Serbia coords=418,461,418,462,425,469,434,477,435,482,441,484,447,482,450,491,448,495,453,504,455,509,451,515,452,524,431,533,426,525,427,524,427,524,424,523,422,521,419,517,414,510,414,504,412,498,414,496,410,488,413,479,409,477,407,463,412,460 href="http://www.batut.org.yu/"><AREA shape=POLY alt="" coords=434,20,444,20,458,23,467,24,500,35,514,50,530,48,519,38,508,14,528,9,540,17,545,16,555,0,679,0,679,177,451,193,452,182,459,170,466,151,461,140,452,134,452,129,454,126,451,124,442,113,440,94,431,81,431,72,433,67,427,57,422,57,419,50,419,44,419,41,423,33,424,31><AREA shape=POLY alt="" coords=452,194,457,203,448,212,456,224,451,234,457,245,459,253,466,270,451,282,456,293,452,309,436,320,440,339,434,347,448,378,680,373,680,172><AREA shape=POLY alt="" coords=449,376,437,390,434,398,434,406,432,415,441,423,460,421,465,423,480,411,487,410,490,420,504,432,504,448,514,457,521,451,527,451,536,427,543,375><AREA shape=POLY alt="" coords=671,463,667,453,636,442,615,434,596,429,587,441,573,454,560,443,552,437,535,424,541,374,679,371,679,465><AREA shape=POLY alt=Lithuania coords=414,278,401,286,402,300,417,300,421,304,421,312,428,314,433,323,439,321,450,309,452,302,456,292,452,283,446,279,437,275,434,278 href="http://www.aids.lt"><AREA shape=POLY alt="" coords=394,306,391,317,412,314,418,314,422,305,417,299,398,300><AREA shape=POLY alt=Luxembourg coords=255,400,254,407,260,408,263,402,261,395 href="http://www.ms.etat.lu/"><AREA onclick="return popupregional(this, 'notes')" shape=POLY alt=Latvia coords=398,283,430,279,449,281,464,270,457,251,439,247,423,250,396,250 href="/cgi-files/regional_comments.cgi?year=2009&week=4&region=Latvia"><AREA shape=CIRCLE alt=Denmark coords=347,310,5 href="http://www.ssi.dk/sw2796.asp"><AREA shape=RECT alt=Norway coords=290,8,326,41 href="http://www.fhi.no"></MAP><FORM name=form1 action="" method=post>You may select the type of map :</B> Intensity <INPUT onclick="movepic('button','/bulletin_maps/2009_04_int_v2.png')" type=radio CHECKED value=radiobutton name=radiobutton> Geographical spread <INPUT onclick="movepic('button','/bulletin_maps/2009_04_v2.png')" type=radio value=radiobutton name=radiobutton> </FORM><CENTER>

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<CENTER><TABLE cellSpacing=5><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A = Dominant virus A
H1N1 = Dominant virus A(H1N1)
H3N2 = Dominant virus A(H3N2)
H1N2 = Dominant virus A(H1N2)
B = Dominant virus B
A & B = Dominant virus A & B

= : stable clinical activity
+ : increasing clinical activity
- : decreasing clinical activity

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</TD><TD vAlign=top>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low = no influenza activity or influenza at baseline levels
Medium = usual levels of influenza activity
High = higher than usual levels of influenza activity
Very high = particularly severe levels of influenza activity

No activity = no evidence of influenza virus activity (clinical activity remains at baseline levels)
Sporadic = isolated cases of laboratory confirmed influenza infection
Local outbreak = increased influenza activity in local areas (e.g. a city) within a region,
or outbreaks in two or more institutions (e.g. schools) within a region. Laboratory confirmed.
Regional activity = influenza activity above baseline levels in one or more regions with
a population comprising less than 50% of the country's total population. Laboratory confirmed.
Widespread = influenza activity above baseline levels in one or more regions with a population
comprising 50% or more of the country's population. Laboratory confirmed.

Finland : Where available, the epidemiological data are provided by a health-care district in
South-Western Finland (the health-care district serves 54,000 inhabitants i.e. approximately one
percent of the Finnish population).
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<TABLE><TBODY><TR><TD width=20> </TD><TD width=700>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=-1]Greece
In Southern Greece, the total number of sentinel swabs collected by sentinel physicians in week 04/2009 was 30, of which 11 (36.7%) were positive for influenza virus: 3 type A (subtype H3N2) and 8 type B. In addition, 13 non-sentinel source swabs were collected by children's Hospital, none of which were positive for influenza virus. So far type A(H3) has been the dominant influenza virus circulating. Interestingly in week 4/2009, type B is the dominant influenza virus. Based on the antigenic characterisation all 3 flu A isolates were A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like. Their HA sequences were found A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like, characterized by the amino acid changes G50E and K140I and differed from the vaccine strain by 2 amino acids. Based on the genetic characterisation all flu B isolates were B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage).
Italy
Further 19 type A influenza viruses (18 H3 and 1 H1) were isolated together with 1 influenza type B.
Latvia
Influenza activity continued to increase last week.Influenza A/H3 are mainly detected.Firsts cases of influenza B and A/H1 have been detected .
Sweden
The virological laboratory in the south of Sweden had a substantial increase of laboratory confirmed influenza A cases. The data has beeen therefore updated.
Switzerland
Epidemic activity increased highly these two last week. Influenza A (H3N2) are mainly detected. Influenza A viruses are antigenically related to influenza A/Brisbane/10/07 (H3N2) viruses.
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</TD><TD width=780 bgColor=white><TABLE width=780><TBODY><TR><TD>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=-1][SIZE=+1]Table and graphs[/SIZE] [SIZE=-1](where available)[/SIZE]

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</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top bgColor=white>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top bgColor=white>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Intensity[/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top bgColor=white>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Geographic
Spread[/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top bgColor=white>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sentinel
swabs[/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top bgColor=white>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Percentage
positive[/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top bgColor=white>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Dominant
type[/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top align=middle bgColor=white colSpan=2>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]ILI per
100,000[/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top align=middle bgColor=white colSpan=2>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]ARI per
100,000[/FONT]</TD><TD vAlign=top noWrap bgColor=white>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Virology graph
and pie chart[/FONT]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#808080 colSpan=13>

</TD></TR><TR id=r2c0><TD class=relative id=r2c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Belgium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]131[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]43.5%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]942.4[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]2465.4[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r2c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(2,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(2,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r3c0><TD class=relative id=r3c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Bulgaria[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]None[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]69[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]None[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]1096.1 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r3c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(3,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(3,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r4c0><TD class=relative id=r4c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Czech Republic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Regional[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]106[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]27.4%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]104.7 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]1276.7 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r4c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(4,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(4,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r5c0><TD class=relative id=r5c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Denmark[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]28[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]57.1%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]272.9 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r5c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(5,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(5,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r6c0><TD class=relative id=r6c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]England[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sporadic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]55[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]9.1%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]16.8 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]640.8 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r6c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(6,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(6,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r7c0><TD class=relative id=r7c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Estonia[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]57[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]36.8%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]16.0[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]401.3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r7c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(7,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(7,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r8c0><TD class=relative id=r8c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]France[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]153[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]52.9%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]3403.3 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r8c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(8,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(8,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r9c0><TD class=relative id=r9c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Germany[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]High[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]490[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]64.5%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]1663.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r9c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(9,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(9,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r10c0><TD class=relative id=r10c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Greece[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sporadic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]33[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]33.3%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]138.8[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r10c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(10,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(10,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r11c0><TD class=relative id=r11c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hungary[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Regional[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]27[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]29.6%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]213.3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r11c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(11,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(11,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r12c0><TD class=relative id=r12c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Ireland[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Local[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]14[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]64.3%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]43.4 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r12c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(12,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(12,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r13c0><TD class=relative id=r13c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Italy[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]124[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]26.6%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]797.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r13c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(13,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(13,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r14c0><TD class=relative id=r14c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Latvia[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Regional[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]5[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]40.0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]10.5 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]939.1 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r14c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(14,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(14,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r15c0><TD class=relative id=r15c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Lithuania[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sporadic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]10[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]20.0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]None[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]3.8 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]608.6 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r15c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(15,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(15,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r16c0><TD class=relative id=r16c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Luxembourg[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]High[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]109[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]67.9%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]947.2 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]3385.7 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r16c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(16,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(16,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r17c0><TD class=relative id=r17c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Malta[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Local[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]50.0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]None[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r17c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(17,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(17,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r18c0><TD class=relative id=r18c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Netherlands[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]42[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]45.2%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]153.2 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r18c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(18,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(18,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r19c0><TD class=relative id=r19c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Northern Ireland[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]10[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]50.0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]89.4 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r19c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(19,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(19,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r20c0><TD class=relative id=r20c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Norway[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]25[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]64.0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]186.4 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r20c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(20,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(20,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r21c0><TD class=relative id=r21c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Poland[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]High[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Local[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]201[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]4.0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]392.5 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r21c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(21,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(21,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r22c0><TD class=relative id=r22c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Portugal[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sporadic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]16[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]81.3%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]50.9 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r22c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(22,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(22,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r23c0><TD class=relative id=r23c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Romania[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Local[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]68[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]38.2%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]4.8 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]1250.9 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r23c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(23,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(23,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r24c0><TD class=relative id=r24c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Scotland[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sporadic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r24c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(24,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(24,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r25c0><TD class=relative id=r25c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Serbia[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sporadic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]13[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]46.2%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]79.7[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r25c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(25,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(25,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r26c0><TD class=relative id=r26c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Slovakia[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sporadic[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]14[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]57.1%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]242.4 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]1741.1 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r26c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(26,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(26,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r27c0><TD class=relative id=r27c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Slovenia[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]56[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]71.4%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]176.6 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]1969.2 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r27c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(27,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(27,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r28c0><TD class=relative id=r28c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Spain[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Medium[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]154[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]43.5%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]161.8 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r28c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(28,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(28,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r29c0><TD class=relative id=r29c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sweden[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]High[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]17.9 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r29c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(29,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(29,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r30c0><TD class=relative id=r30c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Switzerland[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]High[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Widespread[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]70[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]67.1%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Type A, Subtype H3N2[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]503.1 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r30c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(30,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(30,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r31c0><TD class=relative id=r31c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Wales[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]None[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]6.8 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]0.0 [/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif](graphs)[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r31c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(31,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(31,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR id=r32c0><TD class=relative id=r32c1 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Europe[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c2 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c3 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c4 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]3057[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c5 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]34.5%[/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c6 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c7 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11) align=right>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c8 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c9 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11) noWrap>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c10 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]</TD><TD class=relative id=r32c11 onmouseover=crossRow_over(32,11) onmouseout=crossRow_out(32,11)>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Click here[/FONT]</TD><TR><TD bgColor=#808080 colSpan=14>

</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=14>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Preliminary data[/FONT]</TD><TR><TD colSpan=14>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
Intensity: Low = no influenza activity or influenza activity at baseline level; Medium= usual levels of influenza activity; High = higher than usual levels of influenza activity; Very high = particularly severe levels of influenza activity.
Percentage positive: percentage of sentinel swabs that tested positive for influenza A or B
Dominant type: this assessment is based on data from sentinel and non-sentinel sources
ARI: acute respiratory infection
ILI: influenza-like illness
Population: per 100,000 population
[/FONT]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER>
[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD></TR><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=780 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=782 border=0><TBODY><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=780 bgColor=#1d92ff height=5>

</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD></TR><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=780 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD></TR><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=780 bgColor=white><TABLE><TBODY><TR><TD>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=-1]<TABLE><TBODY><TR><TD>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=-2]The bulletin text was written by an editorial team at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Community Network of Reference Laboratories for Human Influenza in Europe (CNRL). Team members are Flaviu Plata, Phillip Zucs and Bruno Ciancio from ECDC, and Adam, Meijer Rod Daniels Alan Hay and Maria Zambon from CNRL. The bulletin text was reviewed by Olav Hungnes (Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway), and Anne Mazick (Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark) on behalf of the EISS members.

Neither the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), nor any person acting on his behalf is liable for the use that may be made of the information contained in this bulletin. Maps and commentary used in this Bulletin do not imply any opinions whatsoever of ECDC or its partners on the legal status of the countries and territories shown or concerning their borders. [/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD></TR><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=780 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD></TR><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=black height=1>

</TD><TD align=middle width=780 bgColor=#0063c8>[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]EISS : Weekly Electronic Bulletin[/FONT]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/01290902/H274Y_Italy.html

 

[AlaskaDenise]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/01290902/H274Y_Italy.html

Commentary

Vaccine and Tamiflu Resistant H1N1 in Italy
Recombinomics Commentary 23:52
January 29, 2009


During last surveillance week, Parma's University detected first FIVE A/(H1N1) influenza virus isolations for this season in Italy.

From the analysis performed by NIC, ALL OF THEM WERE OSELTAMIVIR RESISTANT (IC50 value very high); while resistant to oseltamivir, these viruses remained susceptible to Zanamivir.

Corresponding clinical samples were collected at Parma, during week 03/2009, from three children and two adults respectively.

Among these patients, three received this season influenza vaccine, while none of them were treated with oseltamivir.

The above comments are from the week 4 report from Italy. In week 3 the collection of the first five H1N1 isolates in Italy was reported. The finding that all five were oseltamivir resistant was not a surprise, nor was the absence of oseltamivir usage in the infected patients. However, it is worth noting that three of the five patients had been vaccinated. This season the H1N1 component of the trivalent vaccine is A/Brisbane/59/2007, which is considered a ?match? for the osletamivir resistant clade 2B which has become dominant throughout the northern hemisphere.

However, the sequences of H1N1 in the United States have evolved away from the 2007 isolate that is the vaccine target. All clade 2B isolates in the United States had acquired A193T on HA. The polymorphism was also in the dominant sub-clade in South Africa over the summer, and was also in two large sub-clades in Japan this season. Thus, it is likely that A193T is also in the H274Y positive H1N1 in Europe, which may contribute to the failure to protect the patients in Italy.

The emergence of A193T was evident in isolates in the United States and England which were collected in 2007, two months prior to the selection of the vaccine target for this season. Moreover, A193T has not been in any of the H1N1 vaccine targets, although it was widespread in H1N2 isolates in 2003 and was also present in clade 2C in the 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons in Asia.

The failure of H1N1 ?matches? to protect against infection by oseltamivir resistant H1N1 is problematic for at risk individuals.

Moreover, the fixing of H274Y in H1N1 seasonal flu discounts the utility of Tamiflu stockpiled to control H5N1 through treatment or prophylaxis.

.

 

[tropical]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

#334:
(Recomb. text.)

"three of the five patients had been vaccinated. This season the H1N1 component of the trivalent vaccine is A/Brisbane/59/2007, which is considered a “match” for the osletamivir resistant clade 2B which has become dominant throughout the northern hemisphere.

However, the sequences of H1N1 in the United States have evolved away from the 2007 isolate that is the vaccine target. All clade 2B isolates in the United States had acquired A193T on HA."

"Thus, it is likely that A193T is also in the H274Y positive H1N1 in Europe, which may contribute to the failure to protect the patients in Italy."
___

"Moreover, the fixing of H274Y in H1N1 seasonal flu discounts the utility of Tamiflu stockpiled to control H5N1 through treatment or prophylaxis."


The above last sentence is something new(?)

Wasn't there sci. statements that Tamiflu is further o.k. to treat b.f. because the AH5N1 didn't aquired the new resistence to Tamiflu now present in seasonal AH1N1?

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

#334:
(Recomb. text.)

"three of the five patients had been vaccinated. This season the H1N1 component of the trivalent vaccine is A/Brisbane/59/2007, which is considered a ?match? for the osletamivir resistant clade 2B which has become dominant throughout the northern hemisphere.

However, the sequences of H1N1 in the United States have evolved away from the 2007 isolate that is the vaccine target. All clade 2B isolates in the United States had acquired A193T on HA."

"Thus, it is likely that A193T is also in the H274Y positive H1N1 in Europe, which may contribute to the failure to protect the patients in Italy."
___

"Moreover, the fixing of H274Y in H1N1 seasonal flu discounts the utility of Tamiflu stockpiled to control H5N1 through treatment or prophylaxis."


The above last sentence is something new(?)

Wasn't there sci. statements that Tamiflu is further o.k. to treat b.f. because the AH5N1 didn't aquired the new resistence to Tamiflu now present in seasonal AH1N1?

You may be confusing "sci statements" with Roche press releases.

 

[tropical]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

You may be confusing "sci statements" with Roche press releases.

Quite not.

The inspiration to my words:
"Wasn't there sci. statements that Tamiflu is further o.k. to treat b.f. because the AH5N1 didn't aquired the new resistence to Tamiflu now present in seasonal AH1N1?"

came (maybe wrongly, as an my missinterpretation) from in fact your Recomb. commentary inner text on FT:
"H1N1 - Influenza Warning Issued Nationwide (South Korea)
http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=90960

#20: (Recomb.comm.) None of these three changes is represented in the current H1N1 vaccine and the increased reservoir of H274Y in seasonal flu raises concerns of recombination between the N1 on H1N1 and the N1 of H5N1 to produce Tamiflu resistant H5N1."

From the: "raises concerns" AND "to produce", I assumed that this fact have not yet been happened, that it is only one of the concerning possibilities yet to be confirmed or negated.
And from the above, that AH5N1 did not aquired the Tamiflu resistance yet.

If after the above clarification cames up that the situation is worst, feel free to correct me, and further I'm suggesting to create an new FT thread which name must be:
"AH5N1 became resistant to Tamiflu"

___

About the Roche.

The Roche question was pertinent to us all, no matter that many now tends to minimize it or acredit it as advocacing (which is not my case).

The fact is that in "old times" (2005.) when all the world was scared about avian flu humanization because of the recent SARS episode, only Roche had something which seems to work onto the few human avian flu infections.

And it worked in part, if early somministrated.

No one that time had any better solutions to gave which was already at hand on the Market.
No vaccines, no meds.

Because of that WHO suggest it as the only probably working "bullet" in the guideliness.

Was at the time an business play about?
Maybe, but what can be changed because of that?

Maybe the depots could not be stocked with Tam. at the time and remained empty, but nobody knows for shure what would happens after.

Out there, in that time or now, were there other silver bullets deep down into the spec. labs, or in the corp's vaults ,conceived from the rest of us?
Maybe, but nobody mention anything about.
Anyway, if existing, they will not reach the masses.

Have "we" now better solutions - SuperRelenza?
Maybe.
Could the rest of us 99.9% people got at hand this SRelenza now?
No we could not.

Additionaly, the same Tamiflu resistance fate would surely became the other new SR/antivirals fate after few years.

So, my wrotings had never to do with Roche Market business.

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009


Map and aditional information: post # 332

EISS - Weekly Electronic Bulletin

Week 4 : 19/01/2009-25/01/2009 30 January 2009, Issue N° 290




Influenza activity increasing across Europe but activity is now decreasing in some countries

Summary: In week 04/2009, influenza activity continued to intensify and progress across Europe with most countries now reporting medium to high intensity. However, influenza activity has peaked and declined in Ireland, Portugal and the UK (England). Influenza A (H3) continues to be the predominant circulating virus and all the A(H3N2) viruses tested for antiviral resistance were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors but resistant to M2 inhibitors. Although low numbers of A(H1N1) viruses are circulating, over 97% of those tested are resistant to oseltamivir, but sensitive to zanamivir.

Epidemiological situation - week 04/2009: For the intensity indicator, the national network levels of influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or acute respiratory infection (ARI) were high in Germany, Luxembourg, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland, medium in 16 countries and the UK (Northern Ireland and Scotland), and low in the other five countries and two parts of the UK (England and Wales) that reported this indicator. Of the 22 countries that reported medium to high influenza activity this week, two (Estonia and Hungary) did so for the first time during the current season.

The majority of countries reported increasing or stable trends for intensity in week 04/2009 compared to the previous week, but four countries (Denmark, Ireland, Portugal and Spain) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland and Wales) reported decreasing intensity. For the geographical spread indicator, widespread influenza activity was reported in 13 countries and the UK (Northern Ireland), regional activity in three countries, local activity in four countries and sporadic or no activity in the remaining six countries and the UK (England, Scotland and Wales). Definitions for the epidemiological indicators can be found here.

Cumulative epidemiological situation – 2008-2009 season (weeks 40/2008-04/2009): Consultation rates for ILI and/or ARI above baseline levels, corresponding to influenza activity of medium intensity, were first reported in Portugal, Ireland and the UK (England and Northern Ireland) in week 49/2008, which peaked in weeks 52/2008 to 1/2009, and have declined since. Subsequent to week 49/2008 consultation rates rose above baseline levels in most European countries following a general west to east progression. Of the countries reporting in week 4/2009, Latvia, Lithuania, Serbia and Slovakia continue to report low intensity. High influenza intensity has been reported in Portugal (week 51/2008), Ireland (week 01/2009), Switzerland (week 02/2009), Austria, Denmark and Luxembourg (week 3/2009), Germany, Poland and Sweden (week 4/2009), but this status has now declined for Portugal and Ireland. Generally, the highest consultation rates have been in the 0-4 age group, but Ireland, UK and Norway have reported their highest ILI consultation rates in the 15-64 age group.

Virological situation - week 04/2009: The total number of respiratory specimens collected by sentinel physicians in week 04/2009 was 2874, of which 999 (34.8%) were positive for influenza virus: 939 type A (586 subtype H3, 53 subtype H1 and 300 not subtyped) and 60 type B. In addition, 905 non-sentinel source specimens (e.g. specimens collected for diagnostic purposes in hospitals) were reported positive for influenza virus: 885 type A (217 subtype H3, six subtype H1 and 662 not subtyped) and 20 type B.

Cumulative virological situation – 2008-2009 season (weeks 40/2008-04/2009): Of 11028 virus detections (sentinel and non-sentinel) since week 40/2008, 10643 were type A (4518 subtype H3, 268 subtype H1 and 5857 not subtyped) and 385 were type B. Based on the antigenic and/or genetic characterisation of 1040 influenza viruses, 944 (90.7%) were reported as A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like, 58 (5.6%) as A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)-like, 12 (1.2%) as B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage) and 26 (2.5%) as B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage) (click here).
Eight countries have reported antiviral susceptibility data. Ninety-seven percent of influenza A(H1N1) viruses analysed were resistant to oseltamivir , but all those tested against zanamivir and M2 inhibitors were sensitive. All influenza A(H3N2) viruses tested were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir, but resistant to M2 inhibitors. The few influenza B viruses analysed were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir (click here).

Comment: Influenza activity has continued to rise in Europe, following a west-to-east trend, with three additional countries reporting high intensity. The four countries still reporting low activity are all based in eastern Europe. In some western countries influenza activity has already peaked and declined. In week 4/2009 34.8% of sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza showing a decrease from 42.3% in week 3/2009.

Whereas type A (H3N2) continues to be the clearly dominant influenza virus circulating in Europe, type B, following a rising trend in recent weeks and a reduction in type A detection in week 4/2009, were the majority of viruses identified in sentinel specimens from Greece in week 4/2009. Antigenic and/or genetic characterisation indicates that, with the exception of the few B/Victoria lineage viruses, the viruses circulating are similar to the three components (A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata lineage) included in the current influenza vaccine.

Background: The Weekly Electronic Bulletin presents and comments on influenza activity in the 30 European countries that are members of EISS. Of these countries, 27 reported both clinical and virological data, one reported virological data only and one reported clinical data only to EISS in week 04/2009. The spread of influenza virus strains and their epidemiological impact in Europe are being monitored by EISS under the aegis of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control in Stockholm (Sweden) in collaboration with the WHO Collaborating Centre in London (UK).

http://www.eiss.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi

 

[HenryN]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

Quite not.

The inspiration to my words:
"Wasn't there sci. statements that Tamiflu is further o.k. to treat b.f. because the AH5N1 didn't aquired the new resistence to Tamiflu now present in seasonal AH1N1?"

came (maybe wrongly, as an my missinterpretation) from in fact your Recomb. commentary inner text on FT:
"H1N1 - Influenza Warning Issued Nationwide (South Korea)
http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=90960

#20: (Recomb.comm.) None of these three changes is represented in the current H1N1 vaccine and the increased reservoir of H274Y in seasonal flu raises concerns of recombination between the N1 on H1N1 and the N1 of H5N1 to produce Tamiflu resistant H5N1."

From the: "raises concerns" AND "to produce", I assumed that this fact have not yet been happened, that it is only one of the concerning possibilities yet to be confirmed or negated.
And from the above, that AH5N1 did not aquired the Tamiflu resistance yet.

If after the above clarification cames up that the situation is worst, feel free to correct me, and further I'm suggesting to create an new FT thread which name must be:
"AH5N1 became resistant to Tamiflu"

___

About the Roche.

The Roche question was pertinent to us all, no matter that many now tends to minimize it or acredit it as advocacing (which is not my case).

The fact is that in "old times" (2005.) when all the world was scared about avian flu humanization because of the recent SARS episode, only Roche had something which seems to work onto the few human avian flu infections.

And it worked in part, if early somministrated.

No one that time had any better solutions to gave which was already at hand on the Market.
No vaccines, no meds.

Because of that WHO suggest it as the only probably working "bullet" in the guideliness.

Was at the time an business play about?
Maybe, but what can be changed because of that?

Maybe the depots could not be stocked with Tam. at the time and remained empty, but nobody knows for shure what would happens after.

Out there, in that time or now, were there other silver bullets deep down into the spec. labs, or in the corp's vaults ,conceived from the rest of us?
Maybe, but nobody mention anything about.
Anyway, if existing, they will not reach the masses.

Have "we" now better solutions - SuperRelenza?
Maybe.
Could the rest of us 99.9% people got at hand this SRelenza now?
No we could not.

Additionaly, the same Tamiflu resistance fate would surely became the other new SR/antivirals fate after few years.

So, my wrotings had never to do with Roche Market business.

Roche has put out recent press releases noting that H3N2, is dominant in Europe (and H3N2 is Tamiflu sensitive) and H5N1 remains Tamiflu sensitive.

The Recombinomics commentary noted that the fixing of H274Y in seasonal flu discounted the utility of Tamiflu stockpiled for H5N1.

It is discounted because H274Y is now at or near 100% in H1N1, and H1N1 is widespread in areas where H5N1 is in humans (largely in Asia). Last season H274Y was rare in Asia, so the change this year changes the liklihood of H274Y jumping to H5N1.

H274Y has been reported in H5N1 in wild birds in Astrakhan (in 2005), but has not become dominant in reported sequences. However, no recent H5N1 sequences have been released and in China, H5N1 in poultry isn't even reported (other than the Jiangsu outbreak and those sequences haven't been released).

Thus, both widespread H274Y in H1N1 and vaccine resistance increase the discounting of the utility of Tamiflu for treating H5N1. If H274Y was widespread in H5N1, the discount would approach 100%.

 

[tropical]

Re: Seasonal Flu 2008 - 2009

Roche has put out recent press releases noting that H3N2, is dominant in Europe (and H3N2 is Tamiflu sensitive) and H5N1 remains Tamiflu sensitive.

The Recombinomics commentary noted that the fixing of H274Y in seasonal flu discounted the utility of Tamiflu stockpiled for H5N1.

It is discounted because H274Y is now at or near 100% in H1N1, and H1N1 is widespread in areas where H5N1 is in humans (largely in Asia). Last season H274Y was rare in Asia, so the change this year changes the liklihood of H274Y jumping to H5N1.

H274Y has been reported in H5N1 in wild birds in Astrakhan (in 2005), but has not become dominant in reported sequences. However, no recent H5N1 sequences have been released and in China, H5N1 in poultry isn't even reported (other than the Jiangsu outbreak and those sequences haven't been released).

Thus, both widespread H274Y in H1N1 and vaccine resistance increase the discounting of the utility of Tamiflu for treating H5N1. If H274Y was widespread in H5N1, the discount would approach 100%.

I understand better now.

So, H5N1 didn't became resistant, but because of both above cited reasons and the enaugh real probability that the AH5N1 resistence jump was occured or it is near to in the hot zones, the treatment of bf patients by Tamiflu probably loosed or would in short terms it's previous eficacy.

Thank you Dr. Niman for your clarification about the bf resistance question.