Science . Emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in dairy cattle in the United States

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Science


. 2025 Apr 25;388(6745):eadq0900.
doi: 10.1126/science.adq0900. Epub 2025 Apr 25. Emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in dairy cattle in the United States

Thao-Quyen Nguyen[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Carl R Hutter[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alexey Markin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Megan Thomas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristina Lantz[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mary Lea Killian[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Garrett M Janzen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sriram Vijendran[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sanket Wagle[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Blake Inderski[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Drew R Magstadt[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Ganwu Li[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Diego G Diel[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Elisha Anna Frye[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kiril M Dimitrov[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Amy K Swinford[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Alexis C Thompson[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Kevin R Snekvik[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], David L Suarez[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Steven M Lakin[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Stacey Schwabenlander[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Sara C Ahola[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Kammy R Johnson[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Amy L Baker[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Suelee Robbe-Austerman[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mia Kim Torchetti[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tavis K Anderson[SUP] 1 [/SUP]



Affiliations

• PMID: 40273240
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adq0900

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cross species barriers and have the potential to cause pandemics. In North America, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses related to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Our genomic analysis and epidemiological investigation showed that a reassortment event in wild bird populations preceded a single wild bird-to-cattle transmission episode. The movement of asymptomatic or presymptomatic cattle has likely played a role in the spread of HPAI within the United States dairy herd. Some molecular markers that may lead to changes in transmission efficiency and phenotype were detected at low frequencies. Continued transmission of H5N1 HPAI within dairy cattle increases the risk for infection and subsequent spread of the virus to human populations.


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Excerpt from the link above:

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CONCLUSION

A single wild bird-to-cattle transmission event of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b occurred in late 2023. The spillover was likely preceded by a reassortment event in wild bird populations followed by the movement of cattle that spread HPAI within the US dairy herd. Molecular markers that may lead to changes in transmission efficiency and phenotype were detected at low frequencies. Continued transmission of H5N1 HPAI within dairy cattle increases the risk for infection and subsequent spread of the virus to humans and other host populations.
OPEN IN VIEWER

The emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in dairy cattle in the US.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 was detected in North America in late 2021, and epidemiological information and genomic analysis demonstrated a single spillover into dairy cattle by a reassorted HPAI H5N1 genotype B3.13 virus. The virus disseminated across the US through the movement of asymptomatic or presymptomatic animals and was subsequently reintroduced from dairy cattle back into other host species.​
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