tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Sci Total Environ
. 2023 Apr 5;163269.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163269. Online ahead of print.
Exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to SARS-CoV-2 at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations: Outspreading warns about ecotoxicological risks to freshwater fish
Thiarlen Marinho da Luz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Stênio Gonçalves da Silva Matos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sindoval Silva de Souza[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alex Rodrigues Gomes[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edison Luiz Durigon[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ives Charlie-Silva[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ítalo Nascimento Freitas[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Md Mostafizur Rahman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Abner Marcelino Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Guilherme Malafaia[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
While the multifaceted social, economic, and public health impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are known, little is known about its effects on non-target aquatic ecosystems and organisms. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the potential ecotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2 lysate protein (SARS.CoV2/SP02.2020.HIAE.Br) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations (0.742 and 2.226 pg/L), by 30 days. Although our data did not show locomotor alterations or anxiety-like or/and anxiolytic-like behavior, we noticed that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 negatively affected habituation memory and social aggregation of animals in response to a potential aquatic predator (Geophagus brasiliensis). An increased frequency of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities was also observed in animals exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, our data suggest that such changes were associated with a redox imbalance [↑ROS (reactive oxygen species), ↑H[SUB]2[/SUB]O[SUB]2[/SUB] (hydrogen peroxide), ↓SOD (superoxide dismutase), and ↓CAT (catalase)], cholinesterasic effect [↑AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity], as well as the induction of an inflammatory immune response [↑NO (nitric oxide), ↑IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), and ↓IL-10 (interleukin-10)]. For some biomarkers, we noticed that the response of the animals to the treatments was not concentration-dependent. However, principal component analysis (PCA) and the "Integrated Biomarker Response" index (IBRv2) indicated a more prominent ecotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2 at 2.226 pg/L. Therefore, our study advances knowledge about the ecotoxicological potential of SARS-CoV-2 and reinforces the presumption that the COVID-19 pandemic has negative implications beyond its economic, social, and public health impacts.
Keywords: Biomarkers; Danio rerio; Ecotoxicity; Environmental toxicology; New coronavirus.
. 2023 Apr 5;163269.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163269. Online ahead of print.
Exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to SARS-CoV-2 at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations: Outspreading warns about ecotoxicological risks to freshwater fish
Thiarlen Marinho da Luz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Stênio Gonçalves da Silva Matos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sindoval Silva de Souza[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alex Rodrigues Gomes[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edison Luiz Durigon[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ives Charlie-Silva[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ítalo Nascimento Freitas[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Md Mostafizur Rahman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Abner Marcelino Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Guilherme Malafaia[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37028679
- PMCID: PMC10076041
- DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163269
Abstract
While the multifaceted social, economic, and public health impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are known, little is known about its effects on non-target aquatic ecosystems and organisms. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the potential ecotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2 lysate protein (SARS.CoV2/SP02.2020.HIAE.Br) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations (0.742 and 2.226 pg/L), by 30 days. Although our data did not show locomotor alterations or anxiety-like or/and anxiolytic-like behavior, we noticed that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 negatively affected habituation memory and social aggregation of animals in response to a potential aquatic predator (Geophagus brasiliensis). An increased frequency of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities was also observed in animals exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, our data suggest that such changes were associated with a redox imbalance [↑ROS (reactive oxygen species), ↑H[SUB]2[/SUB]O[SUB]2[/SUB] (hydrogen peroxide), ↓SOD (superoxide dismutase), and ↓CAT (catalase)], cholinesterasic effect [↑AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity], as well as the induction of an inflammatory immune response [↑NO (nitric oxide), ↑IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), and ↓IL-10 (interleukin-10)]. For some biomarkers, we noticed that the response of the animals to the treatments was not concentration-dependent. However, principal component analysis (PCA) and the "Integrated Biomarker Response" index (IBRv2) indicated a more prominent ecotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2 at 2.226 pg/L. Therefore, our study advances knowledge about the ecotoxicological potential of SARS-CoV-2 and reinforces the presumption that the COVID-19 pandemic has negative implications beyond its economic, social, and public health impacts.
Keywords: Biomarkers; Danio rerio; Ecotoxicity; Environmental toxicology; New coronavirus.