tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Sci Rep
. 2024 Jan 19;14(1):1720.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52116-1. Sex-specific differences in systemic immune responses in MIS-C children
Anuradha Rajamanickam[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nathella Pavan Kumar[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Aishwarya Venkataraman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Poovazhagi Varadarjan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Elilarasi Selladurai[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Thangavelu Sankaralingam[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kannan Thiruvengadam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ramya Selvam[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Akshith Thimmaiah[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Suresh Natarajan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ganesh Ramaswamy[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sulochana Putlibai[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kalaimaran Sadasivam[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Balasubramanian Sundaram[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Syed Hissar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Uma Devi Ranganathan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Subash Babu[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a rare manifestation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence describes sex disparities in the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is a lack of information on sex-specific differences in immune responses in MIS-C. This study is an observational and cross-sectional study and we wanted to examine immune parameters such as cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins (APPs), growth factors, microbial translocation markers (MTMs), complement components and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in MIS-C children, based on sex. Male children were associated with heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, G-CSF and GM-CSF, chemokines-CCL2, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL10, acute phase proteins-α-2M, CRP, growth factors VEGF and TGFα, microbial translocation markers- iFABP, LBP, EndoCAb, complement components-C1q, MBL and C3 and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-8 and MMP-9 compared to female children with MIS-C. These results indicate that the heightened immune response in males is a characteristic feature of MIS-C. These findings might explain the differential disease pathogenesis in males compared to females with MIS-C and facilitate a deeper understanding of this disease.
. 2024 Jan 19;14(1):1720.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52116-1. Sex-specific differences in systemic immune responses in MIS-C children
Anuradha Rajamanickam[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nathella Pavan Kumar[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Aishwarya Venkataraman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Poovazhagi Varadarjan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Elilarasi Selladurai[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Thangavelu Sankaralingam[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kannan Thiruvengadam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ramya Selvam[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Akshith Thimmaiah[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Suresh Natarajan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ganesh Ramaswamy[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sulochana Putlibai[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kalaimaran Sadasivam[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Balasubramanian Sundaram[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Syed Hissar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Uma Devi Ranganathan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Subash Babu[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38243064
- PMCID: PMC10799056
- DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52116-1
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a rare manifestation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence describes sex disparities in the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is a lack of information on sex-specific differences in immune responses in MIS-C. This study is an observational and cross-sectional study and we wanted to examine immune parameters such as cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins (APPs), growth factors, microbial translocation markers (MTMs), complement components and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in MIS-C children, based on sex. Male children were associated with heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, G-CSF and GM-CSF, chemokines-CCL2, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL10, acute phase proteins-α-2M, CRP, growth factors VEGF and TGFα, microbial translocation markers- iFABP, LBP, EndoCAb, complement components-C1q, MBL and C3 and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-8 and MMP-9 compared to female children with MIS-C. These results indicate that the heightened immune response in males is a characteristic feature of MIS-C. These findings might explain the differential disease pathogenesis in males compared to females with MIS-C and facilitate a deeper understanding of this disease.