tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Sci Rep
. 2021 Jan 14;11(1):1462.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81049-2.
Cannabis compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in COVID-19-related inflammation in lung epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory activity in macrophages
Seegehalli M Anil[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nurit Shalev[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ajjampura C Vinayaka[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stalin Nadarajan[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dvora Namdar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eduard Belausov[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Irit Shoval[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karthik Ananth Mani[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Guy Mechrez[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hinanit Koltai[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is widely used for medical purposes and has anti-inflammatory activity. This study intended to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of cannabis on immune response markers associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inflammation. An extract fraction from C. sativa Arbel strain (F[SUB]CBD[/SUB]) substantially reduced (dose dependently) interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 levels in an alveolar epithelial (A549) cell line. F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] contained cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and multiple terpenes. Treatments with F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] and a F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] formulation using phytocannabinoid standards (F[SUB]CBD:std[/SUB]) reduced IL-6, IL-8, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligands (CCLs) 2 and 7, and angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the A549 cell line. Treatment with F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] induced macrophage (differentiated KG1 cell line) polarization and phagocytosis in vitro, and increased CD36 and type II receptor for the Fc region of IgG (FcγRII) expression. F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] treatment also substantially increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression in macrophages. F[SUB]CBD:std[/SUB], while maintaining anti-inflammatory activity in alveolar epithelial cells, led to reduced phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory IL secretion in macrophages in comparison to F[SUB]CBD[/SUB]. The phytocannabinoid formulation may show superior activity versus the cannabis-derived fraction for reduction of lung inflammation, yet there is a need of caution proposing cannabis as treatment for COVID-19.
. 2021 Jan 14;11(1):1462.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81049-2.
Cannabis compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in COVID-19-related inflammation in lung epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory activity in macrophages
Seegehalli M Anil[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nurit Shalev[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ajjampura C Vinayaka[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stalin Nadarajan[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dvora Namdar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eduard Belausov[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Irit Shoval[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karthik Ananth Mani[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Guy Mechrez[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hinanit Koltai[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33446817
- DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81049-2
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is widely used for medical purposes and has anti-inflammatory activity. This study intended to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of cannabis on immune response markers associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inflammation. An extract fraction from C. sativa Arbel strain (F[SUB]CBD[/SUB]) substantially reduced (dose dependently) interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 levels in an alveolar epithelial (A549) cell line. F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] contained cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and multiple terpenes. Treatments with F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] and a F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] formulation using phytocannabinoid standards (F[SUB]CBD:std[/SUB]) reduced IL-6, IL-8, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligands (CCLs) 2 and 7, and angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the A549 cell line. Treatment with F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] induced macrophage (differentiated KG1 cell line) polarization and phagocytosis in vitro, and increased CD36 and type II receptor for the Fc region of IgG (FcγRII) expression. F[SUB]CBD[/SUB] treatment also substantially increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression in macrophages. F[SUB]CBD:std[/SUB], while maintaining anti-inflammatory activity in alveolar epithelial cells, led to reduced phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory IL secretion in macrophages in comparison to F[SUB]CBD[/SUB]. The phytocannabinoid formulation may show superior activity versus the cannabis-derived fraction for reduction of lung inflammation, yet there is a need of caution proposing cannabis as treatment for COVID-19.