Re: Russian Scientists Prove Mosquitoes, Bats Are Avian Influenza Vectors
Rospotrebnadzor Sverdlovsk Region:
http://www.ocsen.ru/
Google-translated from Russian:
About komarah
The international scientific community during the past two decades seriously concerned about the dramatic increase in the incidence and spread of vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes krovosjosushchimi (arbovirusnye infection).
For example, only malaria in the world each year fell from 300 million to 500 million , and the number of deaths is 1-2.5 million The expanded nozoareal yellow fever, dengue fever, encephalitis, including West Nile virus (CCE), filariozov. Among the recognized causes of this dangerous trend analysts say global climate change, the growth of the number and nature mosquitoes, changes in the ecosystems under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors, socialno-demografic Russian developments (urbanization) around the world, contributing to the rapid spread of vector-borne infections.
Sverdlovskayaoblast, because of its geographical location at the border of Europe and Asia and the diversity landshaftno-klimatic Exploitation and altitudinal zones is a great site with a number of problems associated with krovosjosushchimi mosquitoes.
Thus, the average air temperature in the twentieth century in Eurasia was 0.6 ? C, in the Russian Federation-1.0 ? C and in Ekaterinburg and its vicinity in the past 20 years is 1.5 ? C. Troma mosquitoes very quickly and versatile reacting shifts in temperature. Study species of mosquitoes Sverdlovsk region for many years it is the HVAC FGUZ Hygiene and Epidemiology in Sverdlovsk oblasti> and, in the past two decades, the work is being carried out under the leadership of an Institute of Ecology plants and animals Uroran PhD Nikolayeva NV.
In Sverdlovsk region recorded 47 species of mosquitoes, and Sverdlovsk / Yekaterinburg urge - 40 types, and in the last 20 years of the presence in the region with 11 new species of mosquitoes. New species found in the region of the neighbouring regions, mostly west and south of the relatively quickly learn habitats within the administrative borders of Athens.
Epidemiological importance of the various types of blood mosquitoes as a whole for Russia, as well as its individual regions studied enough. According to reports, out of 119 species of mosquitoes former Soviet Union, only 40 species (34%) were confirmed status vectors. It must be emphasized that all environmentally plastic kulicid species, the dominant communities in the territories of cities fall within this group. In the mid-1990s witnessed an unprecedented growth in the populations of such species antropofilnykh as Anopheles messeae and Culex pipiens, in the center, which, to some extent, was the case in other regions of the Russian Federation. In turn, this led to the rise in the level of transmitted infections, such as malaria and landed out in the 1990s was simultaneously both in the Sverdlovsk region, as well other areas of the Russian Federation. These environmentally plastic species resistant to the adverse effects of the environment and dominate the mosquito fauna in the vast territories of Russia and the neighbouring CIS countries.
Of arbovirus diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, to the Urals and western Siberia, special interest, first and foremost, viruses serogroup California encephalitis : automobile, encephalomyelitis, Zaitze-beliaka and possibly viruses Sindbis, Batan, Omsk hemorrhagic fever.
Typically, in the temperate latitudes of illness (often with no clearly vrajennah clinical symptoms) 0-20% of the population. In the north, the same proportion of the transmitted rises to 60-70%. In the north, the Sverdlovsk region in the early 1990s antibodies to the virus encephalomyelitis were found in 60% of the surveyed people, including from 37 patients diagnosed with CNS unclear etiology. It is also part of mosquitoes (mostly kind Ochlerotatus) in the virus transmission Tick-borne encephalitis. However, diagnosis, in particular, encephalomyelitis viruses in the field and in the Russian Federation as a whole is unsatisfactory because immuno-molekularnae modern diagnostic methods require high cash costs.
Specialists, however, believe that up to 80% of all cases of the summer, which, in our medical institutions registered as ARI, by viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes. In this context, the greatest concern is a possible epidemic Junior territory of the region encephalitis caused CCE (virus West Nile). In the mid-1990s, CCE outbreaks were reported in a number of countries in Western and Southern Europe, and in 1996-1999. on the territory of the Russian Federation (Volgograd and Astrakhan regions and the Stavropol territory). It's important role in the transmission CCE among animals and from animals to humans 24 species of mosquitoes, among them, and frequently we species-Ae.vexans, Oc.caspius, An.claviger, An.messeae, Oc flavescecs, Ae.cinereus, Cx.modestus, Cx.territans, Cx.pjpiens. There is a virus found in birds, and antibodies to it - the widely number of people, including in regions located neda-leko of the Sverdlovsk region (Samara region and Tatarstan). Deaths from CCE is in the Russian Federation 10% of the victims, mostly people older age group (over 60 years) and young children.
In most regions of the Russian Federation mosquito encephalitides, including CCE, physicians diagnosed as limfocitarnyi meningitis. There is always an outbreak there in the second half of the summer and usually indicates that the town contacted pribrejno-vodnami biocenoces which, in contrast, are places of mass invasion of mosquitoes, and other CCE-birds. The massive lichorakopodobnykh diseases of children in fields of Sverdlovsk (formally diagnosed as meningitis limfocitarnyi) for the past 10 years, records almost every year.
Based on data Ierij UD RAS in the Middle Urals noted more than 300 species of birds, more than 78% remained in the Mediterranean and North Africa, where they could be infected CCE from birds to the local fauna through blood mosquitoes. Shown the role of bats in raznose CCE as well as the special study three types of bats live in all parts G.catherinburga, with the majority of seats between these animals are located near the storied houses older buildings. The roofs of houses and sheds migratory birds (Swifts), which can be carriers of CCE. And, most importantly, it is submerged podwalam such buildings back the urban populations Cx.pipiens mosquito, which feeds on birds, and other mammals, and there is a high antropofilnostew. It is also part of the mosquito species in the transmission of HCV C.
Finally, the Russian virologists vividly illustrated by the blood of mosquitoes carrying the virus influenza group A, which applies to both traditional human strain H3N2, and H5N1 avian influenza virus. The ability to noyestvu human strains of the flu and also with the Bats.
The marked change in the size and species composition invasion of mosquitoes in the territory of Yekaterinburg and Sverdlovsk Oblast point to the relevance of extensive environmental monitoring, strengthening the fight against mosquitoes and the health control arbovirusnami infections.
Entomologist of epidemiologic investigations
FGUZ - Hygiene and Epidemiology in Sverdlovsk oblasti
T. A. Pimenov
Tel.374-12-44
http://www.ocsen.ru/index.php?p=741
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H5N1 has mostly infected people in countries with tropical and subtropical climates, where mozzies happily suck blood all year round! If this report is indeed true -- and I would like to see it subject to peer review -- I think it could be a concern. Kenny
