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Role of complement mediated immunity

G

Ganseerpel

Advisory Board, Senior Moderator
Natural antibody and complement mediate neutralization of influenza virus in the absence of prior immunity.

Jayasekera JP, Moseman EA, Carroll MC.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p>
J Virol. 2007 Jan 3

CBR Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Early control of virus replication by the innate immune response is essential to allow time for the generation of a more effective adaptive immune response. As an important component of innate immunity, complement has been shown to be necessary for protection against numerous microbial infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of complement in neutralizing influenza virus. Results demonstrated that the classical pathway of complement mediated serum neutralization of influenza virus. Although non-immune serum neutralized influenza virus, the mechanism of virus neutralization (VN) required antibody, as sera from RAG1-deficient mice lacked VN activity, moreover, purified natural IgM restored VN activity to antibody-deficient sera. The mechanism of VN by natural IgM and complement was associated with virion aggregation and coating of the viral hemagglutinin receptor, however, viral lysis did not significantly contribute to VN. Additionally, reconstitution of RAG1-deficient mice with natural IgM resulted in delayed morbidity during influenza virus infection. Collectively, these results provide evidence that natural IgM and the early components of the classical pathway of complement work in concert to neutralize influenza virus and that this interaction may have a significant impact on the course of influenza viral pneumonia.

PMID: 17202212 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] <o:p></o:p>
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No free full text available
 
Re: Role of complement mediated immunity

IgM is Immunoglobulin M, an antibody molecule consisting of 5 base units. 1: Base unit. 2: H chains. 3: L chains. 4: J chain. 5: Intermolecular disulfide bonds.

It is physically the largest antibody in the circulation. These antibodies are mostly involved in the clumping of red blood cells. IgM usually appears early in the disease process and is used to diagnose infectious diseases.
 
Re: Role of complement mediated immunity

The only context I've heard it used in is that it's a cascade of the immune system in response to an foreign organism.
 
Re: Role of complement mediated immunity

more:

a list of the proteins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Complement_system

Looks like C3 is what is referred to as complement

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3_(complement)

C3 (complement)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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<!-- start content --> <table id="drugInfoBox" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.5em 1em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; float: right; clear: right;" class="toccolours" border="0" cellpadding="0" align="right" width="260"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> complement component 3
</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd">Identifiers</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3">Symbol(s)</td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee">C3</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3">Entrez</td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee">718</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3">OMIM</td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee">120700</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3">RefSeq</td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee">NM_000064</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3">UniProt</td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee">P01024</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd">Other data</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3">EC number</td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee">3.4.21.43</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3">Locus</td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee">Chr. 19 p13.3-13.2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> In immunology, soluble C3-convertase, also known as iC3Bb, catalyzes the proteolytic cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b as part of the alternative complement system. C3b may then bind to microbal cell surfaces within an organisms body. This can lead to the production of surface-bound C3 convertase and thus more C3b components. Also know as C3bBb, this convertase similar to soluble C3-convertase except that it is membrane bound. Alternatively, bound C3b may aid in opsonization of the microbe by macrophages. Complement receptor 1 or CR1 on macrophages allows the engaging of C3b covered microbes.
 
Re: Role of complement mediated immunity

The complement system is considered part of he unspecific (innate) immune system. It consists of more than 30 constantly circulating serum proteins that act in a cascade. Complement proteins can be activated immediately in the presence of antibody activity or microorganisms like bacteria or virions and can kill bacteria or help to destroy them by attaching to them, thus making the bacteria easier for neutrophils and macrophages to identify and ingest. Other functions include attracting macrophages and neutrophils to a trouble spot, causing bacteria to clump together, and neutralizing viruses. The complement system also participates in specific immunity.

Detailed information here
 
Re: Role of complement mediated immunity

Thank you Ganseerpel. This is obviously then responsible for both sides of the immune response equation. I wonder if it would be possible to modify the inflammatory response and yet still be effective in killing the viruses?
 
Re: Role of complement mediated immunity

I am going to copy a portion of this and move it to the alternative medicine forum. This study opens new opportunities for research. What I would like to find is a substance that forces both the inflammatory and non-inflammatory response mechanism to remain in lock step. A chain to bind the two together is a good analogy. There are substances called adaptogens in the the alternative medicine world that are supposed to do just that. The problem is I cannot find any really good research on their effectiveness.
 
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