tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Epidemiol Infect. 2019 Oct 14;147:e288. doi: 10.1017/S0950268819001754. [h=1]Risk factors and patterns of household clusters of respiratory viruses in rural Nepal.[/h]
Scott EM[SUP]1[/SUP], Magaret A[SUP]1[/SUP], Kuypers J[SUP]1[/SUP], Tielsch JM[SUP]2[/SUP], Katz J[SUP]3[/SUP], Khatry SK[SUP]4[/SUP], Stewart L[SUP]3[/SUP], Shrestha L[SUP]5[/SUP], LeClerq SC[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Englund JA[SUP]6[/SUP], Chu HY[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 2 Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. 3 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4 Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal. 5 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. 6 Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Viral pneumonia is an important cause of death and morbidity among infants worldwide. Transmission of non-influenza respiratory viruses in households can inform preventative interventions and has not been well-characterised in South Asia. From April 2011 to April 2012, household members of pregnant women enrolled in a randomised trial of influenza vaccine in rural Nepal were surveyed weekly for respiratory illness until 180 days after birth. Nasal swabs were tested by polymerase chain reaction for respiratory viruses in symptomatic individuals. A transmission event was defined as a secondary case of the same virus within 14 days of initial infection within a household. From 555 households, 825 initial viral illness episodes occurred, resulting in 79 transmission events. The overall incidence of transmission was 1.14 events per 100 person-weeks. Risk of transmission incidence was associated with an index case age 1-4 years (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-3.96), coinfection as initial infection (IRR 1.94; 95% CI 1.05-3.61) and no electricity in household (IRR 2.70; 95% CI 1.41-5.00). Preventive interventions targeting preschool-age children in households in resource-limited settings may decrease the risk of transmission to vulnerable household members, such as young infants.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Household transmission; molecular epidemiology; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory viruses; rhinovirus
PMID: 31607271 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268819001754
Scott EM[SUP]1[/SUP], Magaret A[SUP]1[/SUP], Kuypers J[SUP]1[/SUP], Tielsch JM[SUP]2[/SUP], Katz J[SUP]3[/SUP], Khatry SK[SUP]4[/SUP], Stewart L[SUP]3[/SUP], Shrestha L[SUP]5[/SUP], LeClerq SC[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Englund JA[SUP]6[/SUP], Chu HY[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 2 Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. 3 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4 Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal. 5 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. 6 Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Viral pneumonia is an important cause of death and morbidity among infants worldwide. Transmission of non-influenza respiratory viruses in households can inform preventative interventions and has not been well-characterised in South Asia. From April 2011 to April 2012, household members of pregnant women enrolled in a randomised trial of influenza vaccine in rural Nepal were surveyed weekly for respiratory illness until 180 days after birth. Nasal swabs were tested by polymerase chain reaction for respiratory viruses in symptomatic individuals. A transmission event was defined as a secondary case of the same virus within 14 days of initial infection within a household. From 555 households, 825 initial viral illness episodes occurred, resulting in 79 transmission events. The overall incidence of transmission was 1.14 events per 100 person-weeks. Risk of transmission incidence was associated with an index case age 1-4 years (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-3.96), coinfection as initial infection (IRR 1.94; 95% CI 1.05-3.61) and no electricity in household (IRR 2.70; 95% CI 1.41-5.00). Preventive interventions targeting preschool-age children in households in resource-limited settings may decrease the risk of transmission to vulnerable household members, such as young infants.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Household transmission; molecular epidemiology; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory viruses; rhinovirus
PMID: 31607271 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268819001754