tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Feb 5. pii: S0091-6749(20)30179-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.040. [Epub ahead of print] [h=1]RIG-I and TLR4 Responses and Adverse Outcomes in Pediatric Influenza-Related Critical Illness.[/h]
Novak T[SUP]1[/SUP], Hall MW[SUP]2[/SUP], McDonald DR[SUP]3[/SUP], Newhams MM[SUP]4[/SUP], Mistry AJ[SUP]4[/SUP], Panoskaltsis-Mortari A[SUP]5[/SUP], Mourani PM[SUP]6[/SUP], Loftis LL[SUP]7[/SUP], Weiss SL[SUP]8[/SUP], Tarquinio KM[SUP]9[/SUP], Markovitz B[SUP]10[/SUP], Hartman ME[SUP]11[/SUP], Schwarz A[SUP]12[/SUP], Junger WG[SUP]13[/SUP], Randolph AG[SUP]14[/SUP]; PALISI Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza (PICFLU) Network Investigators.
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] Decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in whole blood following ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation indicates suppression of the toll-like receptor (TLR)4 pathway. This is associated with increased mortality in pediatric influenza critical illness. Whether anti-viral immune signaling pathways are also suppressed in these patients is unclear.
[h=4]OBJECTIVES:[/h] We evaluated suppression of the TLR4 and the anti-viral retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) pathways with clinical outcomes in children with severe influenza infection.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] In this 24-center, prospective, observational cohort study of children with confirmed influenza infection, blood was collected within 72 hours of intensive care unit admission. Ex vivo whole blood stimulations were performed with matched controls using the viral ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))-low molecular weight/LyoVec[SUP]TM[/SUP] and LPS to evaluate interferon (IFN)-α and TNF-α production capacities (RIG-I and TLR4 pathways, respectively).
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] Suppression of either IFNα or TNFα production capacity was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, and increased organ dysfunction. Children with suppression of both RIG-I and TLR4 pathways (n=33/103, 32%) were more likely to have prolonged (≥7 days) multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (30.3% vs 8.6%, p=0.004) or prolonged hypoxic respiratory failure (39.4% vs 11.4% p=0.001) compared to those with single- or no pathway suppression.
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] Suppression of both RIG-I and TLR4 signaling pathways, essential for respective anti-viral and anti-bacterial pathogens responses, is common in previously immunocompetent children with influenza-related critical illness and is associated with bacterial co-infection and adverse outcomes. Prospective testing of both pathways may aid in risk-stratification and in immune monitoring.
Copyright ? 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] critical care; influenza; interferon alpha; lipopolysaccharide; pediatric; polyinosinic
olycytidylic acid; retinoic acid-inducible gene-I; suppression; toll-like receptor 4; tumor necrosis factor alpha
PMID: 32035159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.040
Novak T[SUP]1[/SUP], Hall MW[SUP]2[/SUP], McDonald DR[SUP]3[/SUP], Newhams MM[SUP]4[/SUP], Mistry AJ[SUP]4[/SUP], Panoskaltsis-Mortari A[SUP]5[/SUP], Mourani PM[SUP]6[/SUP], Loftis LL[SUP]7[/SUP], Weiss SL[SUP]8[/SUP], Tarquinio KM[SUP]9[/SUP], Markovitz B[SUP]10[/SUP], Hartman ME[SUP]11[/SUP], Schwarz A[SUP]12[/SUP], Junger WG[SUP]13[/SUP], Randolph AG[SUP]14[/SUP]; PALISI Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza (PICFLU) Network Investigators.
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] Decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in whole blood following ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation indicates suppression of the toll-like receptor (TLR)4 pathway. This is associated with increased mortality in pediatric influenza critical illness. Whether anti-viral immune signaling pathways are also suppressed in these patients is unclear.
[h=4]OBJECTIVES:[/h] We evaluated suppression of the TLR4 and the anti-viral retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) pathways with clinical outcomes in children with severe influenza infection.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] In this 24-center, prospective, observational cohort study of children with confirmed influenza infection, blood was collected within 72 hours of intensive care unit admission. Ex vivo whole blood stimulations were performed with matched controls using the viral ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))-low molecular weight/LyoVec[SUP]TM[/SUP] and LPS to evaluate interferon (IFN)-α and TNF-α production capacities (RIG-I and TLR4 pathways, respectively).
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] Suppression of either IFNα or TNFα production capacity was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, and increased organ dysfunction. Children with suppression of both RIG-I and TLR4 pathways (n=33/103, 32%) were more likely to have prolonged (≥7 days) multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (30.3% vs 8.6%, p=0.004) or prolonged hypoxic respiratory failure (39.4% vs 11.4% p=0.001) compared to those with single- or no pathway suppression.
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] Suppression of both RIG-I and TLR4 signaling pathways, essential for respective anti-viral and anti-bacterial pathogens responses, is common in previously immunocompetent children with influenza-related critical illness and is associated with bacterial co-infection and adverse outcomes. Prospective testing of both pathways may aid in risk-stratification and in immune monitoring.
Copyright ? 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] critical care; influenza; interferon alpha; lipopolysaccharide; pediatric; polyinosinic
olycytidylic acid; retinoic acid-inducible gene-I; suppression; toll-like receptor 4; tumor necrosis factor alphaPMID: 32035159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.040