Mary Wilson
Well-known member
Published online 2014 Oct 31.
doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00160-0
Edward E. Walsh and Caroline Breese Hall[SUP]*[/SUP]
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children.1, 2, 3, 4 So effectively does RSV spread that essentially all persons have experienced RSV infection within the first few years of life. Immunity, however, is not complete, and reinfection is common. Although life-threatening infections most commonly occur during the first couple of years of life, RSV infections contribute an appreciable share of the morbidity caused by acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections among older children and adults. The health care costs associated with outpatient infections add appreciably to the estimated cost of $300 to $600 million for hospitalized infants with RSV infection.2, 5, 6 Of concern and increasing recognition are the growing morbidity and costs associated with RSV infections in older adults.7, 8, 9
History
RSV was discovered in 1956 but was not initially associated with respiratory illness among infants. Indeed, when a group of 14 chimpanzees were noted to be suffering from colds and coryza, Morris and co-workers10 isolated a new virus originally named chimpanzee coryza agent (CCA).1 Subsequently, Chanock and co-workers11confirmed that the agent caused respiratory illness in humans when they obtained isolates from two children, one with laryngotracheobronchitis and the other with bronchopneumonia, that were indistinguishable from CCA. When specific neutralizing antibody to CCA was found to be present in most school-aged children, “chimpanzee coryza agent” was more appropriately renamed respiratory syncytial virus to denote its clinical and laboratory manifestations.
Description
___________________________________________________________________________________
Classification
RSV belongs to the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, and the subfamily Pneumovirinae.12 The two genera within the Pneumovirinae subfamily are Metapneumovirus, containing human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and Pneumovirus, which contains human RSV and the morphologically and biologically similar murine pneumovirus and canine pneumovirus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, and caprine RSV.13 Distinctive features of RSV include the number and order of genes and the lack of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity.
Viral Structure and Characteristics
RSV is an enveloped, medium-sized (120 to 300 nm) RNA virus with a nonsegmented, single-stranded, negative-sense genome that is associated with viral proteins throughout its length, which form the nucleocapsid (Figs. 160-1 and 160-2).6, 12 The viral envelope has a bilipid layer derived from the plasma membrane of the host cells. Its surface has transmembrane surface glycoprotein spikes 11 to 12 nm in length and 6 to 10 nm apart, which on electron microscopy give it a thistle-like appearance (Fig. 160-3 ).12 ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173590/
doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00160-0
Edward E. Walsh and Caroline Breese Hall[SUP]*[/SUP]
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children.1, 2, 3, 4 So effectively does RSV spread that essentially all persons have experienced RSV infection within the first few years of life. Immunity, however, is not complete, and reinfection is common. Although life-threatening infections most commonly occur during the first couple of years of life, RSV infections contribute an appreciable share of the morbidity caused by acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections among older children and adults. The health care costs associated with outpatient infections add appreciably to the estimated cost of $300 to $600 million for hospitalized infants with RSV infection.2, 5, 6 Of concern and increasing recognition are the growing morbidity and costs associated with RSV infections in older adults.7, 8, 9
History
RSV was discovered in 1956 but was not initially associated with respiratory illness among infants. Indeed, when a group of 14 chimpanzees were noted to be suffering from colds and coryza, Morris and co-workers10 isolated a new virus originally named chimpanzee coryza agent (CCA).1 Subsequently, Chanock and co-workers11confirmed that the agent caused respiratory illness in humans when they obtained isolates from two children, one with laryngotracheobronchitis and the other with bronchopneumonia, that were indistinguishable from CCA. When specific neutralizing antibody to CCA was found to be present in most school-aged children, “chimpanzee coryza agent” was more appropriately renamed respiratory syncytial virus to denote its clinical and laboratory manifestations.
Description
___________________________________________________________________________________
Classification
RSV belongs to the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, and the subfamily Pneumovirinae.12 The two genera within the Pneumovirinae subfamily are Metapneumovirus, containing human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and Pneumovirus, which contains human RSV and the morphologically and biologically similar murine pneumovirus and canine pneumovirus, bovine RSV, ovine RSV, and caprine RSV.13 Distinctive features of RSV include the number and order of genes and the lack of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity.
Viral Structure and Characteristics
RSV is an enveloped, medium-sized (120 to 300 nm) RNA virus with a nonsegmented, single-stranded, negative-sense genome that is associated with viral proteins throughout its length, which form the nucleocapsid (Figs. 160-1 and 160-2).6, 12 The viral envelope has a bilipid layer derived from the plasma membrane of the host cells. Its surface has transmembrane surface glycoprotein spikes 11 to 12 nm in length and 6 to 10 nm apart, which on electron microscopy give it a thistle-like appearance (Fig. 160-3 ).12 ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173590/