tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Respir Care
. 2021 May 25;respcare.08786.
doi: 10.4187/respcare.08786. Online ahead of print.
COVID-19 ARDS Is Characterized by Increased Dead Space Ventilation Compared With Non-COVID ARDS
Michele Bertelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Federica Fusina[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Chiara Prezioso[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Erika Cavallo[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Niccolò Nencini[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Serena Crisci[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Francesca Tansini[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Letizia Mazzuca Mari[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Laureta Hoxha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fabiana Lombardi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giuseppe Natalini[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: ARDS in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by typical microcirculatory alterations in the pulmonary vascular bed, which could increase dead-space ventilation more than in non-COVID-19 ARDS. We aimed to establish if dead-space ventilation is different in patients with COVID-19 ARDS when compared with patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS.
Methods: A total of 187 subjects with COVID-19 ARDS and 178 subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS who were undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation were included in the study. The association between the ARDS types and dead-space ventilation, compliance of the respiratory system, subjects' characteristics, organ failures, and mechanical ventilation was evaluated by using data collected in the first 24 h of mechanical ventilation.
Results: Corrected minute ventilation (V̇[SUB]E[/SUB]), a dead-space ventilation surrogate, was higher in the subjects with COVID-19 ARDS versus in those with non-COVID-19 ARDS (median [interquartile range] 12.6 [10.2-15.8] L/min vs 9.4 [7.5-11.6] L/min; P < .001). Increased corrected V̇[SUB]E[/SUB] was independently associated with COVID-19 ARDS (odds ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.47; P = .007). The best compliance of the respiratory system, obtained after testing different PEEPs, was similar between the subjects with COVID-19 ARDS and the subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS (mean ± SD 38 ± 11 mL/cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O vs 37 ± 11 mL/cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O, respectively; P = .61). The subjects with COVID-19 ARDS received higher median (interquartile range) PEEP (12 [10-14] cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O vs 8 [5-9] cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O; P < .001) and lower median (interquartile range) tidal volume (5.8 [5.5-6.3] mL/kg vs 6.6 [6.1-7.3] mL/kg; P < .001) than the subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS, being these differences maintained at multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, the subjects with COVID-19 ARDS showed a lower risk of anamnestic arterial hypertension (odds ratio 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.45; P < .001) and lower neurologic sequential organ failure assessment score (odds ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.27; P < .001) than the subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS.
Conclusions: Indirect measurements of dead space were higher in subjects with COVID-19 ARDS compared with subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS. The best compliance of the respiratory system was similar in both ARDS forms provided that different PEEPs were applied. A wide range of compliance is present in every ARDS type; therefore, the setting of mechanical ventilation should be individualized patient by patient and not based on the etiology of ARDS.
Keywords: Dead space; acute respiratory distress syndrome; compliance; positive end expiratory pressure; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.
. 2021 May 25;respcare.08786.
doi: 10.4187/respcare.08786. Online ahead of print.
COVID-19 ARDS Is Characterized by Increased Dead Space Ventilation Compared With Non-COVID ARDS
Michele Bertelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Federica Fusina[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Chiara Prezioso[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Erika Cavallo[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Niccolò Nencini[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Serena Crisci[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Francesca Tansini[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Letizia Mazzuca Mari[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Laureta Hoxha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fabiana Lombardi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giuseppe Natalini[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34035148
- DOI: 10.4187/respcare.08786
Abstract
Background: ARDS in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by typical microcirculatory alterations in the pulmonary vascular bed, which could increase dead-space ventilation more than in non-COVID-19 ARDS. We aimed to establish if dead-space ventilation is different in patients with COVID-19 ARDS when compared with patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS.
Methods: A total of 187 subjects with COVID-19 ARDS and 178 subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS who were undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation were included in the study. The association between the ARDS types and dead-space ventilation, compliance of the respiratory system, subjects' characteristics, organ failures, and mechanical ventilation was evaluated by using data collected in the first 24 h of mechanical ventilation.
Results: Corrected minute ventilation (V̇[SUB]E[/SUB]), a dead-space ventilation surrogate, was higher in the subjects with COVID-19 ARDS versus in those with non-COVID-19 ARDS (median [interquartile range] 12.6 [10.2-15.8] L/min vs 9.4 [7.5-11.6] L/min; P < .001). Increased corrected V̇[SUB]E[/SUB] was independently associated with COVID-19 ARDS (odds ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.47; P = .007). The best compliance of the respiratory system, obtained after testing different PEEPs, was similar between the subjects with COVID-19 ARDS and the subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS (mean ± SD 38 ± 11 mL/cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O vs 37 ± 11 mL/cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O, respectively; P = .61). The subjects with COVID-19 ARDS received higher median (interquartile range) PEEP (12 [10-14] cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O vs 8 [5-9] cm H[SUB]2[/SUB]O; P < .001) and lower median (interquartile range) tidal volume (5.8 [5.5-6.3] mL/kg vs 6.6 [6.1-7.3] mL/kg; P < .001) than the subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS, being these differences maintained at multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, the subjects with COVID-19 ARDS showed a lower risk of anamnestic arterial hypertension (odds ratio 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.45; P < .001) and lower neurologic sequential organ failure assessment score (odds ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.27; P < .001) than the subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS.
Conclusions: Indirect measurements of dead space were higher in subjects with COVID-19 ARDS compared with subjects with non-COVID-19 ARDS. The best compliance of the respiratory system was similar in both ARDS forms provided that different PEEPs were applied. A wide range of compliance is present in every ARDS type; therefore, the setting of mechanical ventilation should be individualized patient by patient and not based on the etiology of ARDS.
Keywords: Dead space; acute respiratory distress syndrome; compliance; positive end expiratory pressure; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.