Recent Salmonella Outbreaks in Europe

[Gert van der Hoek]

machinetranslated

Another bacteriastrain multiresistant

Large Dutch outbreak of salmonella

Tuesday 04 November 2008 | 19:33


BILTHOVEN (Reuters) - Since August raging in the Netherlands a major outbreak of multi-resistant salmonella, as has the National Institute for Health and Environment (RIVM) Tuesday are confirmed.

More than 150 people went to a doctor and / or a hospital treatment for complaints as a (serious) nausea and diarrhea. According to a spokeswoman of RIVM it is likely many more people suffer from the infection.

Five to ten new reports a week of salmonella contamination come in from around the country. Especially children and the elderly seem to be affected.

Scientists trying to find out where the infection came from.

Until now clear that fish, dairy products and contact with animals are not the culprits.

According to the RIVM raging in France, Denmark and Switzerland a similar salmonella outbreak. The institute expects a few more weeks to know.

http://www.brabantsdagblad.nl/algem...Grote-Nederlandse-uitbraak-van-salmonella.ece

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Resistant salmonella in Polish turkey

The Super Best and Super Spar chains across the country have sold two tonnes of Polish turkey containing multi-resistant salmonella.

The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration has found multi-resistant salmonella in a consignment of turkey breast imported from Poland. The consignment, which was imported by the Simply Food company, is to be withdrawn from shelves of the Super Best and Super Spar chains across the country.

The consignment is marked CMR A6/10 2008, aut. nr. PL 08080503, its packing date is 06.10.2008. Its best by date is 20.10.2008 and may have been frozen by some consumers.

Bacteria ban

Food containing multi-resistant bacteria is banned in Denmark. Such bacteria are very difficult to treat with normal antibiotics. The bacteria found in these two tonnes of turkey meat are resistant to six types of antibiotics.

The bacteria, which can enter humans due to bad kitchen hygiene or if the meat is not thoroughly cooked, can give diarrhoea, nausea, stomach aches, high temperatures and vomiting.

http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/article585997.ece

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Eurosurveillance, Volume 13, Issue 44, 30 October 2008

Rapid communications

Excess of infections due to a multi-drug sensitive Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in France in June 2008

- snip -

An unusually high number of cases of Salmonella Typhimurium was reported in France in June 2008.

In the course of epidemiological investigations 112 cases were ascertained, of whom 75 were interviewed.

Subtyping by PFGE and MLVA identified a strain named "majority profile".

Subtyping results were available for 45 interviewed cases, 30 of whom (majority below 15 years of age) were found to be infected with the majority profile strain.

Evidence suggested the occurrence of an outbreak due to a monoclonal S. Typhimurium strain with the single PFGE profile XTYM-50.

Cases with identical PFGE profile were also detected in Switzerland but no link with outbreaks occurring in the same period in Denmark and in the Netherlands was found.

Contamination of a product distributed nationally was suggested as the cause of the outbreak but investigations did not reveal any specific food source.

more:

http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19022

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Eurosurveillance, Volume 13, Issue 44, 30 October 2008

Rapid communications

Salmonella Typhimurium outbreaks in the Netherlands in 2008

A large, countrywide outbreak due to multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT104 is ongoing in the Netherlands, with 152 cases as of 20 October.

Pilot interviews did not suggest any specific source of infection but a hypothesis pointing to pork products has been formulated and a large case-control study is under way.

Earlier this year two other oubtreaks due to S. Typhimurium were detected and investigated, the first (DT15A) linked to a particular brand of cream cheese, the other (Dutch phage type ft507) to a local butcher.

more:

http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19026

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Eurosurveillance, Volume 13, Issue 44, 30 October 2008

Rapid communications

Large outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in Denmark in 2008

An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type U292 has been ongoing in Denmark since 1 April, with 1,054 cases registered until 23 October 2008.

Extensive investigations including hypothesis-generating interviews, matched case-control studies, cohort studies in embedded outbreaks, shopping list analyses, analyses of food samples from patient's homes, trace-back analyses and extensive microbiological analysis of products have not provided clear indications of a specific source of infection but the main hypothesis is that the vehicle of the outbreak are different pork products.

In addition to the large U292 outbreak, at least four other S. Typhimurium outbreaks (caused by phage types U288, DT120, DT3 and DT135) have been investigated in Denmark in 2008.

more:

http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19023

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Eurosurveillance, Volume 13, Issue 44, 30 October 2008

Rapid communications

Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Switzerland, May ? June 2008, implications for production and control of meat preparations

An increased number of Salmonella Typhimurium cases were reported in Switzerland between May and June 2008.

Investigations involved 72 cases. Results of PFGE typing identified several outbreak strains, the dominating one present in 43 of the 72 isolates. Strains affecting one third of the cases were also found in animal samples, in particular pork.

However, no specific food source could be identified. Outbreaks described in this paper highlight the importance of food safety regulations such as those on minced meat and meat preparations issued by the European Commission and adopted by Switzerland into the national law.

more:

http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19020

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Re: Multiresistant Salmonella in Europe

Editorial, worthwile reading.

Eurosurveillance, Volume 13, Issue 44, 30 October 2008

Editorials

Salmonella Typhimurium: experiences from recent European outbreaks

http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19019

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Recent Salmonella Outbreaks in Europe

Salmonellosis outbreak hits Netherlands


www.chinaview.cn 2008-11-05

BRUSSELS, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- More than 150 people have fallen ill and over 30 hospitalized in a countrywide outbreak of salmonellosis in the Netherlands, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) said Wednesday.

From the beginning of August until Oct. 20, 152 new cases were reported of an antibiotic-resistant strain of the salmonella bacteria; and between five and 10 new cases are being reported every week, compared to the normal figure of two, said the institute.

Cases are distributed throughout the country, and no travel-related cases have been reported. The source of the infection has yet to be determined, but it could be pork products, the institute said.

According to the RIVM, the strain, Salmonella Typhimurium phagetype DT104, is resistant to a range of antibiotics.

There have been two Salmonella Typhimurium outbreaks in the Netherlands so far this year, the RIVM said.

A nationwide outbreak in March, in which 27 cases were reported, was likely associated with cream cheese of a specific brand; while another regional outbreak in June was related to a local butcher and led to 18 cases being reported.

Most people infected with salmonella develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps.

The illness usually lasts several days and most people recover without treatment. However, for the elderly, infants and those with impaired immune systems, infection could lead to severe symptoms and even death.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/05/content_10313456.htm

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Recent Salmonella Outbreaks in Europe

Snip from ProMedmail

The following discussion is adapted from the USA Department of Agriculture
(USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) website
(http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/stdt104.htm).

"Salmonellosis due to serotype Typhimurium DT104 is an emerging foodborne
pathogen detected in several countries worldwide including: the USA, the
UK, Canada, Germany, France, Austria, and Denmark. Of particular concern
with DT104 is the presence of a multiple antimicrobial resistance pattern
(R-Type) to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and
tetracycline (ACSSuT). Molecular studies have demonstrated that in this
strain, resistance genes are chromosomally encoded. This is important
because removal of the selective pressure from antibiotics is not expected
to reverse resistance, as it might with extrachromosomal-mediated resistance.

"Also of concern is the increasing trend of additional resistance of DT104
to trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone), which has occurred
in the UK. In the USA, DT104 R-type ACSSuT has been isolated from poultry,
swine, cattle, and other domestic and wild animals.

"DT104 is an animal pathogen and a foodborne pathogen of humans. The
mortality rate for clinically affected cattle with this strain is reported
to be 40-60 per cent in some outbreaks in the UK. The case fatality rate in
humans may be higher than with other _Salmonella_ infections. In a study of
83 DT104 cases in the United Kingdom, 41 per cent of patients were
hospitalized and 3 per cent died. In contrast, the case-fatality rate for
other non typhoid _Salmonella_ infections was approximately 0.1 per cent.
In the USA, serotype Typhimurium R-type ACSSuT infections have been more
likely to cause bacteremia and have been associated with longer
hospitalizations. No increase in mortality has been observed.

"Recent antibiotic use in humans and animals is a predisposing factor for
serotype Typhimurium DT104 infection. This has been observed in other
enteric bacterial pathogens as well. Killing the competitive gut flora may
allow unrestricted growth of a pathogen. In addition, the use of
antibiotics to treat infection prolongs the carrier state of DT104 in
humans and animals. Both of these features indicate a need to educate
physicians, veterinarians, and the public about the potential adverse
consequences of indiscriminate antibiotic use.

"The best prospect for minimizing human illness is a strategy of barriers
to introduction and multiplication of DT104 throughout the farm-to-table
continuum. Control measures that are effective against other types of
_Salmonella_ spp will reduce the likelihood of transmission of serotype
Typhimurium DT104." - Mod.LL

http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/f..._BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,74661

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Re: Recent Salmonella Outbreaks in Europe

From Denmark, machinetranslated

10th November 2008


Three large salmonella outbreaks in time

Salmonella outbreak is far from over. New outbreaks are ongoing, and it is a different type from that which ravaged Ireland in the summer.

Right now there are three large salmonella outbreaks in time, so the number of Danes who have been sick of salmonella in 2008 will be doubled compared to last year.

3176 has been found salmonella infection in years when it was only 1,441 at the same time last year.

"We are following up on individual patients and doing interviews, and so has microbiologist are really really busy typing salmonella, so we can find out what it is to create some relatives, we have to do ', said Kåre Mølbak from Statens Serum Institut in DR 21Søndag.

Nine people have died

Nine people, you certainly have died of the large salmonella outbreaks in the summer, but Statens Serum Institute estimates that about 30 people with weakened immune system have died of salmonella infection.

Authorities are still starting from scratch when it comes to identifying the source of contamination.

"There is no one exactly knows what it is a source of infection. Our main hypothesis is that it is a problem in the Danish pig production, partly because some of the types we see increase as the type, Salmonella derby, traditionally a pig type.

But it is a ferskkødsproblem, or whether it caused some orders products that are contaminated, we can unfortunately not say at this stage, "said Kåre Mølbak.

http://politiken.dk/tjek/sundhedogmotion/sundmad/article595699.ece