tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
R Soc Open Sci
. 2025 Jan 8;12(1):241634.
doi: 10.1098/rsos.241634. eCollection 2025 Jan. Ultrasensitive turn-off fluorescent sensor for estimation of the new influenza antiviral prodrug baloxavir marboxil in its pharmaceutical formulation
Amira S Gouda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mamdouh R Rezk[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ahmed M Abdel-Megied[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Hoda M Marzouk[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a recently developed class of fluorescent nanoparticles made from carbon. Co-doping with heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur improved the properties and generated a high quantum yield. In the proposed study, we utilized a simple, cost-effective, single-stage hydrothermal approach to produce extreme photoluminescence co-doped, nitrogen and sulfur, CQDs (N,S-CODs). Thiosemicarbazide was used as a nitrogen and sulfur source, while citric acid was used as a carbon source to produce fluorescent probes. The prepared N,S-CQDs were subjected to extensive characterization. The generated N,S-CQDs yielded strong fluorescence emission at λ [SUB]em[/SUB] 430.0 nm after excitation at λ [SUB]ex[/SUB] 360.0 nm, with a relatively high quantum yield of 41.3% utilizing quinine sulfate as a reference fluorescent compound. These N,S-CQDs were applied as fluorescent nanosensors for the ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric determination of baloxavir marboxil (BXM) directly without pre-derivatization for the first time. BXM effectively quenches the native fluorescence of N,S-CQDs. Considering the optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity reduction of N,S-CQDs exhibited a 'turn-off' response to BXM at concentrations of 10.0-100.0 ng ml[SUP]-1[/SUP], with detection limits of 1.88 ng ml[SUP]-1[/SUP] and quantitation limits of 5.69 ng ml[SUP]-1[/SUP], respectively. The proposed method determined BXM successfully in its tablet dosage form and further expanded to confirm the content uniformity of the tablet units in agreement with USP guidelines.
Keywords: baloxavir marboxil; content uniformity; fluorescent; nanosensors; nitrogen–sulfur–carbon quantum dots.
. 2025 Jan 8;12(1):241634.
doi: 10.1098/rsos.241634. eCollection 2025 Jan. Ultrasensitive turn-off fluorescent sensor for estimation of the new influenza antiviral prodrug baloxavir marboxil in its pharmaceutical formulation
Amira S Gouda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mamdouh R Rezk[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ahmed M Abdel-Megied[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Hoda M Marzouk[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39780967
- PMCID: PMC11706661
- DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241634
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a recently developed class of fluorescent nanoparticles made from carbon. Co-doping with heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur improved the properties and generated a high quantum yield. In the proposed study, we utilized a simple, cost-effective, single-stage hydrothermal approach to produce extreme photoluminescence co-doped, nitrogen and sulfur, CQDs (N,S-CODs). Thiosemicarbazide was used as a nitrogen and sulfur source, while citric acid was used as a carbon source to produce fluorescent probes. The prepared N,S-CQDs were subjected to extensive characterization. The generated N,S-CQDs yielded strong fluorescence emission at λ [SUB]em[/SUB] 430.0 nm after excitation at λ [SUB]ex[/SUB] 360.0 nm, with a relatively high quantum yield of 41.3% utilizing quinine sulfate as a reference fluorescent compound. These N,S-CQDs were applied as fluorescent nanosensors for the ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric determination of baloxavir marboxil (BXM) directly without pre-derivatization for the first time. BXM effectively quenches the native fluorescence of N,S-CQDs. Considering the optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity reduction of N,S-CQDs exhibited a 'turn-off' response to BXM at concentrations of 10.0-100.0 ng ml[SUP]-1[/SUP], with detection limits of 1.88 ng ml[SUP]-1[/SUP] and quantitation limits of 5.69 ng ml[SUP]-1[/SUP], respectively. The proposed method determined BXM successfully in its tablet dosage form and further expanded to confirm the content uniformity of the tablet units in agreement with USP guidelines.
Keywords: baloxavir marboxil; content uniformity; fluorescent; nanosensors; nitrogen–sulfur–carbon quantum dots.