tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
. 2022 Jul 26;119(30):e2203659119.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2203659119. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
Transient and durable T cell reactivity after COVID-19
Anna Martner[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hanna Grauers Wiktorin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andreas Törnell[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johan Ringlander[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohammad Arabpour[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Magnus Lindh[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Martin Lagging[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Staffan Nilsson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristoffer Hellstrand[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
This study analyzed whole blood samples (n = 56) retrieved from 30 patients at 1 to 21 (median 9) mo after verified COVID-19 to determine the polarity and duration of antigen-specific T cell reactivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-derived antigens. Multimeric peptides spanning the entire nucleocapsid protein triggered strikingly synchronous formation of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17 ex vivo until ∼70 d after confirmed infection, whereafter this reactivity was no longer inducible. In contrast, levels of nucleocapsid-induced IL-2 and interferon-γ remained stable and highly correlated at 3 to 21 mo after infection. Similar cytokine dynamics were observed in unvaccinated, convalescent patients using whole-blood samples stimulated with peptides spanning the N-terminal portion of the spike 1 protein. These results unravel two phases of T cell reactivity following natural COVID-19: an early, synchronous response indicating transient presence of multipolar, antigen-specific T helper (T[SUB]H[/SUB]) cells followed by an equally synchronous and durable T[SUB]H[/SUB]1-like reactivity reflecting long-lasting T cell memory.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; T cell cytokines; T helper cells; longevity.
. 2022 Jul 26;119(30):e2203659119.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2203659119. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
Transient and durable T cell reactivity after COVID-19
Anna Martner[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hanna Grauers Wiktorin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andreas Törnell[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johan Ringlander[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohammad Arabpour[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Magnus Lindh[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Martin Lagging[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Staffan Nilsson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristoffer Hellstrand[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35858456
- DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203659119
Abstract
This study analyzed whole blood samples (n = 56) retrieved from 30 patients at 1 to 21 (median 9) mo after verified COVID-19 to determine the polarity and duration of antigen-specific T cell reactivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-derived antigens. Multimeric peptides spanning the entire nucleocapsid protein triggered strikingly synchronous formation of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17 ex vivo until ∼70 d after confirmed infection, whereafter this reactivity was no longer inducible. In contrast, levels of nucleocapsid-induced IL-2 and interferon-γ remained stable and highly correlated at 3 to 21 mo after infection. Similar cytokine dynamics were observed in unvaccinated, convalescent patients using whole-blood samples stimulated with peptides spanning the N-terminal portion of the spike 1 protein. These results unravel two phases of T cell reactivity following natural COVID-19: an early, synchronous response indicating transient presence of multipolar, antigen-specific T helper (T[SUB]H[/SUB]) cells followed by an equally synchronous and durable T[SUB]H[/SUB]1-like reactivity reflecting long-lasting T cell memory.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; T cell cytokines; T helper cells; longevity.