tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
. 2025 Mar 4;122(9):e2423983122.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2423983122. Epub 2025 Feb 28. Molecular patterns of matrix protein 1 (M1): A strong predictor of adaptive evolution in H9N2 avian influenza viruses
Yanting Zhu[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yulin Cong[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yixue Sun[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shouzhi Sheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chang Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jianfeng Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Siqi Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pengju Zhang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chao Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinghui Zhao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yanlong Cong[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) emerges as a significant member of the influenza A virus family. However, the varying degrees of epidemiological dominance among different lineages or clades of H9N2 AIVs have not been fully clarified. The matrix protein M1, a key structural component of the virion, plays a crucial role in maintaining the viral structure and lifecycle. To elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the genetic patterns of M1 and the adaptive dynamics of H9N2 AIVs, this study focused on the five major evolutionary patterns of M1 and conducted in vitro and in vivo investigations from the perspectives of vRNP release after viral uncoating, polymerase activity, mRNA and vRNA levels, the nuclear export of vRNPs, plasma membrane-binding capacity, proliferation capacity, growth competitiveness, and transmission potential. The results revealed a strong correlation between the epidemiological dominance of H9N2 AIVs and the specific patterns of M1, with M1[SUB]P5[/SUB] standing out as particularly significant. This finding highlights the pivotal influence of the M1 gene patterns on the replication and transmission dynamics of H9N2 AIVs, thereby offering valuable insights into the mechanisms driving differences in adaptive evolution and shifts in epidemiological dominance within the H9N2 AIV population.
Keywords: H9N2 AIV; epidemiological dominance; genetic pattern; matrix protein M1; virus replication.
. 2025 Mar 4;122(9):e2423983122.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2423983122. Epub 2025 Feb 28. Molecular patterns of matrix protein 1 (M1): A strong predictor of adaptive evolution in H9N2 avian influenza viruses
Yanting Zhu[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yulin Cong[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yixue Sun[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shouzhi Sheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chang Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jianfeng Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Siqi Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pengju Zhang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chao Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinghui Zhao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yanlong Cong[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40020189
- DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2423983122
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) emerges as a significant member of the influenza A virus family. However, the varying degrees of epidemiological dominance among different lineages or clades of H9N2 AIVs have not been fully clarified. The matrix protein M1, a key structural component of the virion, plays a crucial role in maintaining the viral structure and lifecycle. To elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the genetic patterns of M1 and the adaptive dynamics of H9N2 AIVs, this study focused on the five major evolutionary patterns of M1 and conducted in vitro and in vivo investigations from the perspectives of vRNP release after viral uncoating, polymerase activity, mRNA and vRNA levels, the nuclear export of vRNPs, plasma membrane-binding capacity, proliferation capacity, growth competitiveness, and transmission potential. The results revealed a strong correlation between the epidemiological dominance of H9N2 AIVs and the specific patterns of M1, with M1[SUB]P5[/SUB] standing out as particularly significant. This finding highlights the pivotal influence of the M1 gene patterns on the replication and transmission dynamics of H9N2 AIVs, thereby offering valuable insights into the mechanisms driving differences in adaptive evolution and shifts in epidemiological dominance within the H9N2 AIV population.
Keywords: H9N2 AIV; epidemiological dominance; genetic pattern; matrix protein M1; virus replication.