tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
. 2023 Dec 26;120(52):e2314808120.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2314808120. Epub 2023 Dec 22. Infectious virus shedding duration reflects secretory IgA antibody response latency after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Sho Miyamoto[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Takara Nishiyama[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Akira Ueno[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hyeongki Park[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Takayuki Kanno[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Naotoshi Nakamura[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Seiya Ozono[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kazuyuki Aihara[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kenichiro Takahashi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yuuki Tsuchihashi[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Masahiro Ishikane[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Takeshi Arashiro[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Shinji Saito[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Akira Ainai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuichiro Hirata[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shun Iida[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Harutaka Katano[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Minoru Tobiume[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kenzo Tokunaga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tsuguto Fujimoto[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michiyo Suzuki[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Maki Nagashima[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Hidenori Nakagawa[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Masashi Narita[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Yasuyuki Kato[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Hidetoshi Igari[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Kaori Fujita[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Tatsuo Kato[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Kazutoshi Hiyama[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Keisuke Shindou[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Takuya Adachi[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Kazuaki Fukushima[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Ryota Hase[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Yukihiro Yoshimura[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Masaya Yamato[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Yasuhiro Nozaki[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Norio Ohmagari[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Motoi Suzuki[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Tomoya Saito[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Shingo Iwami[SUP] 2 23 24 25 26 27 [/SUP], Tadaki Suzuki[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Infectious virus shedding from individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to estimate human-to-human transmission risk. Control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires identifying the immune correlates that protect infectious virus shedding. Mucosal immunity prevents infection by SARS-CoV-2, which replicates in the respiratory epithelium and spreads rapidly to other hosts. However, whether mucosal immunity prevents the shedding of the infectious virus in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is unknown. We examined the relationship between viral RNA shedding dynamics, duration of infectious virus shedding, and mucosal antibody responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anti-spike secretory IgA antibodies (S-IgA) reduced viral RNA load and infectivity more than anti-spike IgG/IgA antibodies in infected nasopharyngeal samples. Compared with the IgG/IgA response, the anti-spike S-IgA post-infection responses affected the viral RNA shedding dynamics and predicted the duration of infectious virus shedding regardless of the immune history. These findings highlight the importance of anti-spike S-IgA responses in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 for preventing infectious virus shedding and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Developing medical countermeasures to shorten S-IgA response time may help control human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent future respiratory virus pandemics.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; human-to-human transmission; infectious virus shedding duration; mucosal secretory IgA; prior-infection.
. 2023 Dec 26;120(52):e2314808120.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2314808120. Epub 2023 Dec 22. Infectious virus shedding duration reflects secretory IgA antibody response latency after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Sho Miyamoto[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Takara Nishiyama[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Akira Ueno[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hyeongki Park[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Takayuki Kanno[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Naotoshi Nakamura[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Seiya Ozono[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kazuyuki Aihara[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kenichiro Takahashi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yuuki Tsuchihashi[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Masahiro Ishikane[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Takeshi Arashiro[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Shinji Saito[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Akira Ainai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuichiro Hirata[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shun Iida[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Harutaka Katano[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Minoru Tobiume[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kenzo Tokunaga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tsuguto Fujimoto[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michiyo Suzuki[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Maki Nagashima[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Hidenori Nakagawa[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Masashi Narita[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Yasuyuki Kato[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Hidetoshi Igari[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Kaori Fujita[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Tatsuo Kato[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Kazutoshi Hiyama[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Keisuke Shindou[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Takuya Adachi[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Kazuaki Fukushima[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Ryota Hase[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Yukihiro Yoshimura[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Masaya Yamato[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Yasuhiro Nozaki[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Norio Ohmagari[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Motoi Suzuki[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Tomoya Saito[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Shingo Iwami[SUP] 2 23 24 25 26 27 [/SUP], Tadaki Suzuki[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38134196
- DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314808120
Infectious virus shedding from individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to estimate human-to-human transmission risk. Control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires identifying the immune correlates that protect infectious virus shedding. Mucosal immunity prevents infection by SARS-CoV-2, which replicates in the respiratory epithelium and spreads rapidly to other hosts. However, whether mucosal immunity prevents the shedding of the infectious virus in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is unknown. We examined the relationship between viral RNA shedding dynamics, duration of infectious virus shedding, and mucosal antibody responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anti-spike secretory IgA antibodies (S-IgA) reduced viral RNA load and infectivity more than anti-spike IgG/IgA antibodies in infected nasopharyngeal samples. Compared with the IgG/IgA response, the anti-spike S-IgA post-infection responses affected the viral RNA shedding dynamics and predicted the duration of infectious virus shedding regardless of the immune history. These findings highlight the importance of anti-spike S-IgA responses in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 for preventing infectious virus shedding and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Developing medical countermeasures to shorten S-IgA response time may help control human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent future respiratory virus pandemics.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; human-to-human transmission; infectious virus shedding duration; mucosal secretory IgA; prior-infection.