Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: PLoS ONE, full text: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
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High Incidence of Multiple Viral Infections Identified in Upper Respiratory Tract Infected Children under Three Years of Age in Shanghai, China
Guocui Zhang<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP>, Yunwen Hu<SUP>1</SUP>, Hongping Wang<SUP>1</SUP>, Lu Zhang<SUP>1</SUP>, Yixi Bao<SUP>2</SUP>, Xiaoming Zhou<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>*</SUP>
<SUP></SUP>
1 Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Abstract
Background
Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a major reason for hospitalization in childhood. More than 80% of URTIs are viral. Etiological diagnosis of URTIs is important to make correct clinical decisions on treatment methods. However, data for viral spectrum of URTIs are very limited in Shanghai children.
Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from a group of 164 children aged below 3 years who were hospitalized due to acute respiratory infection from May 2009 to July 2010 in Shanghai. A VRDAL multiplex PCR for 10 common respiratory viruses was performed on collected specimens compared with the Seeplex? RV15 ACE Detection kit for 15 respiratory viruses.
Results
Viruses were detected in 84 (51.2%) patients by VRDAL multiplex PCR, and 8 (4.9%) of cases were mixed infections. Using the Seeplex? RV15 ACE Detection kit, viruses were detected in 129 (78.7%) patients, 49 (29.9%) were co-infected cases. Identified viruses included 37 of human rhinovirus (22.6% of cases), 32 of influenza A virus (19.5%), 30 of parainfluenzavirus-2 (18.3%), 23 of parainfluenzavirus-3 (14.0%), 15 of human enterovirus (9.1%), 14 each of parainfluenzavirus-1, respiratory syncytial virus B and adenovirus (8.5%), 8 of coronavirus 229E/NL63 (4.9%), 6 of human bocavirus (3.7%), 5 each of influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus A (3.0%), 3 of parainfluenzavirus-4 (1.8%), 2 of coronavirus OC43/HKU1 (1.2%), and 1 human metapneumovirus (0.6%).
Conclusions
A high frequency of respiratory infections (78.7%) and co-infections (29.9%) was detected in children with acute respiratory infection symptoms in Shanghai. The Seeplex? RV15 ACE detection method was found to be a more reliable high throughput tool than VRDAL method to simultaneously detect multiple respiratory viruses.
Citation: Zhang G, Hu Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Bao Y, et al. (2012) High Incidence of Multiple Viral Infections Identified in Upper Respiratory Tract Infected Children under Three Years of Age in Shanghai, China. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44568. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044568
Editor: Malcolm Gracie Semple, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Received: April 26, 2012; Accepted: August 9, 2012; Published: September 7, 2012
Copyright: ? 2012 Zhang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was funded by Chinese National R&D Programme for Key Technologies (No. 2009ZX10004-104) from Chinese Government, Ministry of Science and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors are served as research employees in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, China. This does not alter the authors? adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
* E-mail: xmzhou@shmu.edu.cn
-Guocui Zhang<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP>, Yunwen Hu<SUP>1</SUP>, Hongping Wang<SUP>1</SUP>, Lu Zhang<SUP>1</SUP>, Yixi Bao<SUP>2</SUP>, Xiaoming Zhou<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>*</SUP>
<SUP></SUP>
1 Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Abstract
Background
Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a major reason for hospitalization in childhood. More than 80% of URTIs are viral. Etiological diagnosis of URTIs is important to make correct clinical decisions on treatment methods. However, data for viral spectrum of URTIs are very limited in Shanghai children.
Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from a group of 164 children aged below 3 years who were hospitalized due to acute respiratory infection from May 2009 to July 2010 in Shanghai. A VRDAL multiplex PCR for 10 common respiratory viruses was performed on collected specimens compared with the Seeplex? RV15 ACE Detection kit for 15 respiratory viruses.
Results
Viruses were detected in 84 (51.2%) patients by VRDAL multiplex PCR, and 8 (4.9%) of cases were mixed infections. Using the Seeplex? RV15 ACE Detection kit, viruses were detected in 129 (78.7%) patients, 49 (29.9%) were co-infected cases. Identified viruses included 37 of human rhinovirus (22.6% of cases), 32 of influenza A virus (19.5%), 30 of parainfluenzavirus-2 (18.3%), 23 of parainfluenzavirus-3 (14.0%), 15 of human enterovirus (9.1%), 14 each of parainfluenzavirus-1, respiratory syncytial virus B and adenovirus (8.5%), 8 of coronavirus 229E/NL63 (4.9%), 6 of human bocavirus (3.7%), 5 each of influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus A (3.0%), 3 of parainfluenzavirus-4 (1.8%), 2 of coronavirus OC43/HKU1 (1.2%), and 1 human metapneumovirus (0.6%).
Conclusions
A high frequency of respiratory infections (78.7%) and co-infections (29.9%) was detected in children with acute respiratory infection symptoms in Shanghai. The Seeplex? RV15 ACE detection method was found to be a more reliable high throughput tool than VRDAL method to simultaneously detect multiple respiratory viruses.
Citation: Zhang G, Hu Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Bao Y, et al. (2012) High Incidence of Multiple Viral Infections Identified in Upper Respiratory Tract Infected Children under Three Years of Age in Shanghai, China. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44568. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044568
Editor: Malcolm Gracie Semple, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Received: April 26, 2012; Accepted: August 9, 2012; Published: September 7, 2012
Copyright: ? 2012 Zhang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was funded by Chinese National R&D Programme for Key Technologies (No. 2009ZX10004-104) from Chinese Government, Ministry of Science and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors are served as research employees in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, China. This does not alter the authors? adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
* E-mail: xmzhou@shmu.edu.cn
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