Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: PLoS Medicine, full text: (LINK). Summary, edited.]
Guidelines and Guidance
Setting Research Priorities to Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Pneumonia by 2015
Igor Rudan<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP><SUP>*</SUP>, Shams El Arifeen<SUP>3</SUP>, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta<SUP>4</SUP>, Robert E. Black<SUP>5</SUP>, Abdullah Brooks<SUP>3</SUP>, Kit Yee Chan<SUP>6</SUP>, Mickey Chopra<SUP>7</SUP>, Trevor Duke<SUP>8</SUP>, David Marsh<SUP>9</SUP>, Antonio Pio<SUP>10</SUP>, Eric A.F. Simoes<SUP>11</SUP>, Giorgio Tamburlini<SUP>12</SUP>, Evropi Theodoratou<SUP>1</SUP>, Martin W. Weber<SUP>13</SUP>, Cynthia G. Whitney<SUP>14</SUP>, Harry Campbell<SUP>1</SUP>, Shamim A. Qazi<SUP>15</SUP><SUP>*</SUP>, and the WHO/CHNRI Expert Group on Childhood Pneumonia<SUP>?</SUP>
1 Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2 Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia, 3 ICDDR, B Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 4 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, 5 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 6 Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia, 7 Department of Health, UNICEF, New York, New York, United States of America, 8 Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 9 Save the Children, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America, 10 Senior Advisor in Public Health and Respiratory Diseases, Mar de Plata, Argentina, 11 Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado, United States of America, 12 Institute for Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy, 13 WHO Country Office, Jakarta, Indonesia, 14 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 15 Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Citation: Rudan I, El Arifeen S, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brooks A, et al. (2011) Setting Research Priorities to Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Pneumonia by 2015. PLoS Med 8(9): e1001099. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001099
Published: September 27, 2011
This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Funding: The first author (IR) has received support as a consultant of the Child Health Research and Nutrition Initiative (CHNRI) of Global Forum for Health Research for development and implementation of CHNRI methodology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: ZAB is a member of the PLoS Medicine Editorial Board. SAQ is employed by the World Health Organization and undertook this research priority exercise on behalf of the Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abbreviations: AEA, average expert agreement; CHNRI, Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative; DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GAPP, Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia; MDG, Millennium Development Goal; UN, United Nations; WHO, World Health Organization
* E-mail: Igor.Rudan@ed.ac.uk (IR); qazis@who.int (SQ)
? Membership of the WHO/CHNRI Expert Group on Childhood Pneumonia is provided in the Acknowledgments.
Provenance: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Summary Points
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Guidelines and Guidance
Setting Research Priorities to Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Pneumonia by 2015
Igor Rudan<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP><SUP>*</SUP>, Shams El Arifeen<SUP>3</SUP>, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta<SUP>4</SUP>, Robert E. Black<SUP>5</SUP>, Abdullah Brooks<SUP>3</SUP>, Kit Yee Chan<SUP>6</SUP>, Mickey Chopra<SUP>7</SUP>, Trevor Duke<SUP>8</SUP>, David Marsh<SUP>9</SUP>, Antonio Pio<SUP>10</SUP>, Eric A.F. Simoes<SUP>11</SUP>, Giorgio Tamburlini<SUP>12</SUP>, Evropi Theodoratou<SUP>1</SUP>, Martin W. Weber<SUP>13</SUP>, Cynthia G. Whitney<SUP>14</SUP>, Harry Campbell<SUP>1</SUP>, Shamim A. Qazi<SUP>15</SUP><SUP>*</SUP>, and the WHO/CHNRI Expert Group on Childhood Pneumonia<SUP>?</SUP>
1 Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2 Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia, 3 ICDDR, B Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 4 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, 5 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 6 Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia, 7 Department of Health, UNICEF, New York, New York, United States of America, 8 Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 9 Save the Children, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America, 10 Senior Advisor in Public Health and Respiratory Diseases, Mar de Plata, Argentina, 11 Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado, United States of America, 12 Institute for Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy, 13 WHO Country Office, Jakarta, Indonesia, 14 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 15 Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Citation: Rudan I, El Arifeen S, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brooks A, et al. (2011) Setting Research Priorities to Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Pneumonia by 2015. PLoS Med 8(9): e1001099. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001099
Published: September 27, 2011
This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Funding: The first author (IR) has received support as a consultant of the Child Health Research and Nutrition Initiative (CHNRI) of Global Forum for Health Research for development and implementation of CHNRI methodology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: ZAB is a member of the PLoS Medicine Editorial Board. SAQ is employed by the World Health Organization and undertook this research priority exercise on behalf of the Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abbreviations: AEA, average expert agreement; CHNRI, Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative; DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GAPP, Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia; MDG, Millennium Development Goal; UN, United Nations; WHO, World Health Organization
* E-mail: Igor.Rudan@ed.ac.uk (IR); qazis@who.int (SQ)
? Membership of the WHO/CHNRI Expert Group on Childhood Pneumonia is provided in the Acknowledgments.
Provenance: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Summary Points
- This paper aims to identify health research priorities that could assist the rate of progress in childhood pneumonia mortality reduction globally, as set out in the United Nation's Millennium Development Goal 4.
- The authors applied the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodology for setting priorities in health research investments. The process was coordinated by the World Health Organization.
- Forty-five leading childhood pneumonia researchers suggested more than 500 research ideas, which were merged into 158 research questions that spanned the broad spectrum of epidemiological research, health policy and systems research, improvement of existing interventions, and development of new interventions.
- Within the short time frame in which gains were expected globally, the research priorities were dominated by health systems and policy research topics (e.g., studying barriers to health care seeking and access, as well as barriers to increased coverage with available vaccines; and evaluating the potential to safely scale up antibiotic treatment through community health workers).
- These were followed by epidemiological questions to identify the main gaps in knowledge (e.g., predictors of severe pneumonia that requires hospitalisation); priorities for improvement of the existing interventions (e.g., training of community health workers to recognise danger signs, refer, and treat sick children); and identifying cost reduction mechanisms for the available conjugate vaccines.
- Among the new interventions, the greatest support was shown for the development of low-cost conjugate vaccines and cross-protective common protein vaccines against the pneumococcus.
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