AlaskaDenise
In Memoriam
For others who wonder how all the H5N1 details compare to regular flu (H3N2 here), this article talks about the common variations from year to year and has a good chart showing the changes in the RBD. Excerpts posted below...
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/72/10/8021?view=long&pmid=9733841
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Entire Genome of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses from Japan: Evidence for Genetic Reassortment of the Six Internal Genes
Nucleotide sequences of all eight RNA segments of 10 human H3N2 influenza viruses isolated during a 5-year period from 1993<SUP> </SUP>to 1997 were determined and analyzed phylogenetically in order<SUP> </SUP>to define the evolutionary pathways of all genes in a parallel<SUP> </SUP>fashion. It was evident that the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase<SUP> </SUP>genes of these viruses evolved essentially in a single lineage<SUP> </SUP>and that amino acid changes accumulated sequentially with respect<SUP> </SUP>to time......
.....Some influenza seasons are more severe<SUP> </SUP>than others, and this is thought to be a reflection of the degree<SUP> </SUP>of antigenic change in the HA protein of newly appearing antigenic<SUP> </SUP>variants from those of the former strain. Viruses with antigenically<SUP> </SUP>drifted HA proteins thus have a selective advantage in becoming<SUP> </SUP>the subsequent epidemic strain......
It has been reported repeatedly that the virulence and growth of influenza viruses are influenced by changes in the internal<SUP> </SUP>proteins......
However, through evolutionary<SUP> </SUP>analysis of the internal NS gene, it was proposed that reassortment<SUP> </SUP>among cocirculating viruses appears not to occur very often and,<SUP> </SUP>therefore, it has been suggested that fixation of mutations in<SUP> </SUP>the genes coding for the internal proteins is dependent on immune<SUP> </SUP>pressure on the HA protein, effectively linking the evolution<SUP> </SUP>of the internal genes of influenza viruses to the HA gene (7,<SUP> </SUP>17). Although this may indeed often be the case, parallel analyses<SUP> </SUP>of the genes coding for the surface glycoproteins and internal<SUP> </SUP>proteins have never been reported. A scarcity of sequence data<SUP> </SUP>of the internal genes of human H3N2 viruses has made it very difficult<SUP> </SUP>to analyze the phylogenetic patterns of these genes in a parallel<SUP> </SUP>manner.....
It has been suspected for some time that new epidemic variants of H3N2 influenza virus originated from China (49, 54),<SUP> </SUP>since antigenically variable viruses may circulate for some time<SUP> </SUP>in China before becoming epidemic.....
A/Beijing/32/92-like<SUP> </SUP>viruses, therefore, appear to have circulated for at least 3 years<SUP> </SUP>in China before becoming the predominant epidemic strain globally.<SUP> </SUP>It is unclear why a particular strain will suddenly emerge after<SUP> </SUP>circulating for years in China, although it is generally thought<SUP> </SUP>that this is because the HA protein has not undergone sufficient<SUP> </SUP>antigenic change to effectively evade established immunity in<SUP> </SUP>the human population......
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<!-- TABLE 2 --><TABLE cellPadding=5 width="100%" border=1><TBODY><TR><TD><TABLE width="100%"><CAPTION><TBODY><TR><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=bottom colSpan=21><CENTER>TABLE 2. Amino acid variation observed in human H3N2 viruses isolated from 1993 to 1997 in Japan<SUP>a</SUP>
</CENTER></CAPTION>
<TR><TD colSpan=21><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=9>PB2 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=11>PB1 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=17>PA aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>82</TD><TD>107</TD><TD>221</TD><TD>318</TD><TD>539</TD><TD>553</TD><TD>559</TD><TD>570</TD><TD>697</TD><TD>14</TD><TD>56</TD><TD>83</TD><TD>97</TD><TD>163</TD><TD>179</TD><TD>216</TD><TD>382</TD><TD>439</TD><TD>517</TD><TD>622</TD><TD>212</TD><TD>250</TD><TD>256</TD><TD>275</TD><TD>276</TD><TD>312</TD><TD>341</TD><TD>342</TD><TD>349</TD><TD>350</TD><TD>376</TD><TD>409</TD><TD>432</TD><TD>437</TD><TD>548</TD><TD>557</TD><TD>712 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=39><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>C</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>T </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>F</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=39><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=26>HA (HA1 domain) aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>5</TD><TD>27</TD><TD>34</TD><TD>111</TD><TD>114</TD><TD>133</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>135</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img001.gif"></U></TD><TD>142</TD><TD>156</TD><TD>157</TD><TD>158</TD><TD>164</TD><TD>167</TD><TD>172</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>183</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img002.gif"></U></TD><TD>196</TD><TD>197</TD><TD>214</TD><TD>219</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>226</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img003.gif"></U></TD><TD>248</TD><TD>262</TD><TD>275</TD><TD>276</TD><TD>278</TD><TD>279 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=27><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>F </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>F</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>k</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=27><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=10>NP aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=30>NA aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>18</TD><TD>65</TD><TD>127</TD><TD>197</TD><TD>239</TD><TD>259</TD><TD>290</TD><TD>375</TD><TD>384</TD><TD>451</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>43</TD><TD>47</TD><TD>51</TD><TD>52</TD><TD>54</TD><TD>65</TD><TD>71</TD><TD>82</TD><TD>127</TD><TD>136</TD><TD>141</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>151</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img004.gif"></U></TD><TD>212</TD><TD>221</TD><TD>248</TD><TD>262</TD><TD>285</TD><TD>336</TD><TD>338</TD><TD>339</TD><TD>342</TD><TD>344</TD><TD>346</TD><TD>369</TD><TD>381</TD><TD>385</TD><TD>400</TD><TD>418</TD><TD>435 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=41><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=41><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=3>M1 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=4>M2 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=12>NS1 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD>NS2 aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>219</TD><TD>227</TD><TD>230</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>21</TD><TD>43</TD><TD>57</TD><TD>33</TD><TD>66</TD><TD>68</TD><TD>71</TD><TD>101</TD><TD>112</TD><TD>129</TD><TD>144</TD><TD>164</TD><TD>209</TD><TD>212</TD><TD>228</TD><TD>26 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=21><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>F</TT></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=21><HR></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=21><SUP>a</SUP> Predicted amino acid (aa) differences in the proteins of human H3N2 viruses isolated from 1993 to 1997. Only locations where differences were observed are indicated. Differences located in the proposed antigenic sights and of the HA and NA proteins are underlined with a single line. Amino acid differences in the proposed receptor binding domain of the HA protein, as well as the functional domain of the NA protein, are double underlined. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- /COPYRIGHT --><!-- Pages created by the Electronic Press Engine from Atypon Systems, Inc. Visit http://www.atypon.com/--></VARDEF>
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/72/10/8021?view=long&pmid=9733841
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Entire Genome of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses from Japan: Evidence for Genetic Reassortment of the Six Internal Genes
Nucleotide sequences of all eight RNA segments of 10 human H3N2 influenza viruses isolated during a 5-year period from 1993<SUP> </SUP>to 1997 were determined and analyzed phylogenetically in order<SUP> </SUP>to define the evolutionary pathways of all genes in a parallel<SUP> </SUP>fashion. It was evident that the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase<SUP> </SUP>genes of these viruses evolved essentially in a single lineage<SUP> </SUP>and that amino acid changes accumulated sequentially with respect<SUP> </SUP>to time......
.....Some influenza seasons are more severe<SUP> </SUP>than others, and this is thought to be a reflection of the degree<SUP> </SUP>of antigenic change in the HA protein of newly appearing antigenic<SUP> </SUP>variants from those of the former strain. Viruses with antigenically<SUP> </SUP>drifted HA proteins thus have a selective advantage in becoming<SUP> </SUP>the subsequent epidemic strain......
It has been reported repeatedly that the virulence and growth of influenza viruses are influenced by changes in the internal<SUP> </SUP>proteins......
Amino acid differences in the HA and NA proteins. As shown in Table 2, amino acid changes in the HA and NA glycoproteins accumulated in a sequential fashion over time. Indeed,<SUP> </SUP>when compared to that of Kit93, 10 amino acid differences in the<SUP> </SUP>HA1 protein of 1995 isolates were also found in those of 1997<SUP> </SUP>isolates (Fuk97 and Shi97). Previously uncharacterized substitutions<SUP> </SUP>were observed in proposed antigenic sites A and B, as well as<SUP> </SUP>the receptor binding domain of the HA protein (55, 56). Even<SUP> </SUP>though a novel change at position 226 of the receptor binding<SUP> </SUP>domain of the HA protein in Japanese and Chinese isolates of the<SUP> </SUP>1994-1995 influenza season was reported (31), this residue was<SUP> </SUP>found to have changed again from isoleucine to valine in viruses<SUP> </SUP>of 1996 and 1997. Changes from leucine to glutamine at position<SUP> </SUP>226 have been reported to be involved in determining binding specificity<SUP> </SUP>to host cell receptors (36, 41, 46); however, the effect<SUP> </SUP>of isoleucine or valine at this critical site have not been determined<SUP> </SUP>and warrant further study.
However, through evolutionary<SUP> </SUP>analysis of the internal NS gene, it was proposed that reassortment<SUP> </SUP>among cocirculating viruses appears not to occur very often and,<SUP> </SUP>therefore, it has been suggested that fixation of mutations in<SUP> </SUP>the genes coding for the internal proteins is dependent on immune<SUP> </SUP>pressure on the HA protein, effectively linking the evolution<SUP> </SUP>of the internal genes of influenza viruses to the HA gene (7,<SUP> </SUP>17). Although this may indeed often be the case, parallel analyses<SUP> </SUP>of the genes coding for the surface glycoproteins and internal<SUP> </SUP>proteins have never been reported. A scarcity of sequence data<SUP> </SUP>of the internal genes of human H3N2 viruses has made it very difficult<SUP> </SUP>to analyze the phylogenetic patterns of these genes in a parallel<SUP> </SUP>manner.....
It has been suspected for some time that new epidemic variants of H3N2 influenza virus originated from China (49, 54),<SUP> </SUP>since antigenically variable viruses may circulate for some time<SUP> </SUP>in China before becoming epidemic.....
A/Beijing/32/92-like<SUP> </SUP>viruses, therefore, appear to have circulated for at least 3 years<SUP> </SUP>in China before becoming the predominant epidemic strain globally.<SUP> </SUP>It is unclear why a particular strain will suddenly emerge after<SUP> </SUP>circulating for years in China, although it is generally thought<SUP> </SUP>that this is because the HA protein has not undergone sufficient<SUP> </SUP>antigenic change to effectively evade established immunity in<SUP> </SUP>the human population......
<!-- null --><VARDEF id=TEXT><!-- /COPYRIGHT --><!-- Pages created by the Electronic Press Engine from Atypon Systems, Inc. Visit http://www.atypon.com/-->
<!-- TABLE 2 --><TABLE cellPadding=5 width="100%" border=1><TBODY><TR><TD><TABLE width="100%"><CAPTION><TBODY><TR><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=bottom colSpan=21><CENTER>TABLE 2. Amino acid variation observed in human H3N2 viruses isolated from 1993 to 1997 in Japan<SUP>a</SUP>
</CENTER></CAPTION>
<TR><TD colSpan=21><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=9>PB2 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=11>PB1 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=17>PA aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>82</TD><TD>107</TD><TD>221</TD><TD>318</TD><TD>539</TD><TD>553</TD><TD>559</TD><TD>570</TD><TD>697</TD><TD>14</TD><TD>56</TD><TD>83</TD><TD>97</TD><TD>163</TD><TD>179</TD><TD>216</TD><TD>382</TD><TD>439</TD><TD>517</TD><TD>622</TD><TD>212</TD><TD>250</TD><TD>256</TD><TD>275</TD><TD>276</TD><TD>312</TD><TD>341</TD><TD>342</TD><TD>349</TD><TD>350</TD><TD>376</TD><TD>409</TD><TD>432</TD><TD>437</TD><TD>548</TD><TD>557</TD><TD>712 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=39><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>C</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>T </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>F</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=39><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=26>HA (HA1 domain) aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>5</TD><TD>27</TD><TD>34</TD><TD>111</TD><TD>114</TD><TD>133</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>135</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img001.gif"></U></TD><TD>142</TD><TD>156</TD><TD>157</TD><TD>158</TD><TD>164</TD><TD>167</TD><TD>172</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>183</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img002.gif"></U></TD><TD>196</TD><TD>197</TD><TD>214</TD><TD>219</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>226</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img003.gif"></U></TD><TD>248</TD><TD>262</TD><TD>275</TD><TD>276</TD><TD>278</TD><TD>279 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=27><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>F </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>F</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>k</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=27><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=10>NP aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=30>NA aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>18</TD><TD>65</TD><TD>127</TD><TD>197</TD><TD>239</TD><TD>259</TD><TD>290</TD><TD>375</TD><TD>384</TD><TD>451</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>43</TD><TD>47</TD><TD>51</TD><TD>52</TD><TD>54</TD><TD>65</TD><TD>71</TD><TD>82</TD><TD>127</TD><TD>136</TD><TD>141</TD><TD><U><IMG alt="<UNL>151</UNL>" src="http://jvi.asm.org/content/vol72/issue10/fulltext/8021/img004.gif"></U></TD><TD>212</TD><TD>221</TD><TD>248</TD><TD>262</TD><TD>285</TD><TD>336</TD><TD>338</TD><TD>339</TD><TD>342</TD><TD>344</TD><TD>346</TD><TD>369</TD><TD>381</TD><TD>385</TD><TD>400</TD><TD>418</TD><TD>435 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=41><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>K </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=41><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD vAlign=center rowSpan=2>Protein</TD><TD colSpan=3>M1 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=4>M2 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD colSpan=12>NS1 aa at position: <HR></TD><TD>NS2 aa at position: <HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD>219</TD><TD>227</TD><TD>230</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>21</TD><TD>43</TD><TD>57</TD><TD>33</TD><TD>66</TD><TD>68</TD><TD>71</TD><TD>101</TD><TD>112</TD><TD>129</TD><TD>144</TD><TD>164</TD><TD>209</TD><TD>212</TD><TD>228</TD><TD>26 </TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=21><HR></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Kit93</TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>A</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>H</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>M</TT></TD><TD><TT>L</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>N</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>S</TT></TD><TD><TT>E </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki94</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Aki95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Toc95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>E</TT></TD><TD><TT>G</TT></TD><TD><TT>F</TT></TD><TD><TT>Y</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Miy95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>K</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi95</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>V </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Nii96</TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Fuk97</TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>I</TT></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD><TT>D</TT></TD><TD><TT>S </TT></TD></TR><TR vAlign=center align=middle><TD align=left>Shi97</TD><TD><TT>V</TT></TD><TD><TT>T</TT></TD><TD><TT>R</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>Q</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD><TT>P</TT></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=21><HR></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=21><SUP>a</SUP> Predicted amino acid (aa) differences in the proteins of human H3N2 viruses isolated from 1993 to 1997. Only locations where differences were observed are indicated. Differences located in the proposed antigenic sights and of the HA and NA proteins are underlined with a single line. Amino acid differences in the proposed receptor binding domain of the HA protein, as well as the functional domain of the NA protein, are double underlined. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- /COPYRIGHT --><!-- Pages created by the Electronic Press Engine from Atypon Systems, Inc. Visit http://www.atypon.com/--></VARDEF>