tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
PeerJ
. 2020 Sep 1;8:e9689.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.9689. eCollection 2020.
Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease
M Nazmul Hoque[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Abed Chaudhury[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Md Abdul Mannan Akanda[SUP] 4 [/SUP], M Anwar Hossain[SUP] 2 5 [/SUP], Md Tofazzal Islam[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by a novel evolutionarily divergent RNA virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently spreaded around the world. Genomic analyses revealed that this zoonotic virus may be evolved naturally but not a purposefully manipulated laboratory construct. However, currently available data are not sufficient to precisely conclude the origin of this fearsome virus. Comprehensive annotations of the whole-genomes revealed hundreds of nucleotides, and amino acids mutations, substitutions and/or deletions at different positions of the ever changing SARS-CoV-2 genome. The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site at the S1-S2 boundary through the insertion of 12 nucleotides. It leads to the predicted acquisition of 3-O-linked glycan around the cleavage site. Although real-time RT-PCR methods targeting specific gene(s) have widely been used to diagnose the COVID-19 patients, however, recently developed more convenient, cheap, rapid, and specific diagnostic tools targeting antigens or CRISPR-Cas-mediated method or a newly developed plug and play method should be available for the resource-poor developing countries. A large number of candidate drugs, vaccines and therapies have shown great promise in early trials, however, these candidates of preventive or therapeutic agents have to pass a long path of trials before being released for the practical application against COVID-19. This review updates current knowledge on origin, genomic evolution, development of the diagnostic tools, and the preventive or therapeutic remedies of the COVID-19. We also discussed the future scopes for research, effective management, and surveillance of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease.
Keywords: Diagnostics; Genetic diversity; Genome evolution; Therapeutics; Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2020 Sep 1;8:e9689.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.9689. eCollection 2020.
Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease
M Nazmul Hoque[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Abed Chaudhury[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Md Abdul Mannan Akanda[SUP] 4 [/SUP], M Anwar Hossain[SUP] 2 5 [/SUP], Md Tofazzal Islam[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33005486
- PMCID: PMC7510477
- DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9689
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by a novel evolutionarily divergent RNA virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently spreaded around the world. Genomic analyses revealed that this zoonotic virus may be evolved naturally but not a purposefully manipulated laboratory construct. However, currently available data are not sufficient to precisely conclude the origin of this fearsome virus. Comprehensive annotations of the whole-genomes revealed hundreds of nucleotides, and amino acids mutations, substitutions and/or deletions at different positions of the ever changing SARS-CoV-2 genome. The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site at the S1-S2 boundary through the insertion of 12 nucleotides. It leads to the predicted acquisition of 3-O-linked glycan around the cleavage site. Although real-time RT-PCR methods targeting specific gene(s) have widely been used to diagnose the COVID-19 patients, however, recently developed more convenient, cheap, rapid, and specific diagnostic tools targeting antigens or CRISPR-Cas-mediated method or a newly developed plug and play method should be available for the resource-poor developing countries. A large number of candidate drugs, vaccines and therapies have shown great promise in early trials, however, these candidates of preventive or therapeutic agents have to pass a long path of trials before being released for the practical application against COVID-19. This review updates current knowledge on origin, genomic evolution, development of the diagnostic tools, and the preventive or therapeutic remedies of the COVID-19. We also discussed the future scopes for research, effective management, and surveillance of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease.
Keywords: Diagnostics; Genetic diversity; Genome evolution; Therapeutics; Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2.