tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Pathogens
. 2021 Apr 6;10(4):438.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10040438.
Longitudinal Development of Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients of Different Severity with ELISA, Peptide, and Glycan Arrays: An Immunological Case Series
Jasmin Heidepriem[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Christine Dahlke[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Robin Kobbe[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ren? Santer[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Till Koch[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Anahita Fathi[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Bruna M S Seco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], My L Ly[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Stefan Schmiedel[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dorothee Schwinge[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Sonia Serna[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Katrin Sellrie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Niels-Christian Reichardt[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Peter H Seeberger[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marylyn M Addo[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Felix F Loeffler[SUP] 1 [/SUP], On Behalf Of The Id-Uke Covid-Study Group
Affiliations
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). A better understanding of its immunogenicity can be important for the development of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Here, we report the longitudinal analysis of three COVID-19 patients with moderate (#1) and mild disease (#2 and #3). Antibody serum responses were analyzed using spike glycoprotein enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), full-proteome peptide, and glycan microarrays. ELISA immunoglobulin A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) signals increased over time for individuals #1 and #2, whereas #3 only showed no clear positive IgG and IgM result. In contrast, peptide microarrays showed increasing IgA/G signal intensity and epitope spread only in the moderate patient #1 over time, whereas early but transient IgA and stable IgG responses were observed in the two mild cases #2 and #3. Glycan arrays showed an interaction of antibodies to fragments of high-mannose and core N-glycans, present on the viral shield. In contrast to protein ELISA, microarrays allow for a deeper understanding of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody responses to specific epitopes of the whole proteome and glycans of SARS-CoV-2 in parallel. In the future, this may help to better understand and to monitor vaccination programs and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; full proteome; glycan microarrays; peptide microarrays.
. 2021 Apr 6;10(4):438.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10040438.
Longitudinal Development of Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients of Different Severity with ELISA, Peptide, and Glycan Arrays: An Immunological Case Series
Jasmin Heidepriem[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Christine Dahlke[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Robin Kobbe[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ren? Santer[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Till Koch[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Anahita Fathi[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Bruna M S Seco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], My L Ly[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Stefan Schmiedel[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dorothee Schwinge[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Sonia Serna[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Katrin Sellrie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Niels-Christian Reichardt[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Peter H Seeberger[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marylyn M Addo[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Felix F Loeffler[SUP] 1 [/SUP], On Behalf Of The Id-Uke Covid-Study Group
Affiliations
- PMID: 33917609
- DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040438
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). A better understanding of its immunogenicity can be important for the development of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Here, we report the longitudinal analysis of three COVID-19 patients with moderate (#1) and mild disease (#2 and #3). Antibody serum responses were analyzed using spike glycoprotein enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), full-proteome peptide, and glycan microarrays. ELISA immunoglobulin A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) signals increased over time for individuals #1 and #2, whereas #3 only showed no clear positive IgG and IgM result. In contrast, peptide microarrays showed increasing IgA/G signal intensity and epitope spread only in the moderate patient #1 over time, whereas early but transient IgA and stable IgG responses were observed in the two mild cases #2 and #3. Glycan arrays showed an interaction of antibodies to fragments of high-mannose and core N-glycans, present on the viral shield. In contrast to protein ELISA, microarrays allow for a deeper understanding of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody responses to specific epitopes of the whole proteome and glycans of SARS-CoV-2 in parallel. In the future, this may help to better understand and to monitor vaccination programs and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; full proteome; glycan microarrays; peptide microarrays.